Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 1 - Abstract: Trừu tượng The research shows that pre-school children are capable of thinking in abstract terms. • abstraction • abstractly Accurate: ðúng ñắn, chính xác The police are trying to obtain a more accurate picture of crime levels. • accuracy • accurately • inaccuracy • inaccurate • inaccurately Acknowledge: Thừa nhận She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform. I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. It is generally acknowledged to be true. • acknowledgement Aggregate: Tổng số Liverpool won 2-0 on aggregate (= in total). The three smaller parties gained an aggregate of 25 per cent of the vote. • aggregation Allocate: Phân phối, phân bố More resources are being allocated to the project. Allocate somebody/something The project is being allocated more resources. Allocate something (for something) A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. Allocate something (to somebody/something) They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year. • allocation Assign: Phân công The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children. The teacher assigned each of the children a different task. • assignment • reassign • reassignment • unassigned Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Attach: ðính kèm, bao gồm She attached a photograph to her letter. There were too many conditions attached to the deal. • attached • attachment • unattached Author: Tác giả He is the author of three books on art. • authorship Bond: Mối quan hệ, mối ràng buộc A bond of friendship had been forged between them. The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries. • bonding Brief: Ngắn ngủi, vắn tắt Brief visit/meeting/conversationa… brief pause/silence… Mozart's life was brief. • brevity • briefing • briefly Capable: (~skilled, competent) Có tài, có năng lực, có khả năng She's a very capable teacher. • capability • capably • incapable Cite: Trích dẫn (quote) He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown. She cited a passage from the President's speech. • citation Cooperative: Hợp tác (adj) Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work. Employees will generally be more cooperative if their views are taken seriously. • cooperate • cooperation • cooperatively Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Discrimination: Sự phân biệt ñối xử Discrimination against older workers • discriminate Display: (~exhibit ) Bày ra, trưng bày, phô trương (exhibition = cuộc triển lãm) The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work. She displayed her bruises for all to see. I have rarely seen her display any sign of emotion. These statistics display a definite trend. Diversity: ðiều khác biệt lớn (~variety) • diverse • diversification • diversify Domain: Phạm vi, lãnh ñịa, lãnh thổ The care of older people is being placed firmly within the domain of the family. The Spice Islands were within the Spanish domains. Edition: Số bản in ra, lần xuất bản The electronic edition of ‘The Guardian’ The story was in Tuesday's edition of ‘The New York Times’. The article appeared in the evening edition of ‘The Mercury’. • edit • editor • editorial • editorship • editorial • editorial Enhance: (~improve) Nâng cao, ñề bạt, tăng cường, ñề cao This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company The skilled use of make-up to enhance your best features • enhanced • enhancement Estate: Tài sản Her estate was left to her daughter. He left estate valued at a million dollars. Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 4 - Exceed: Trội hơn, nhiều hơn (nội) The price will not exceed £100. His achievements have exceeded expectations. Expert: Chuyên gia Expert (at/in/on something) an expert in child psychology Expert (at/in/on doing something) He's an expert at getting his own way. • expertise • expertly Explicit: Rõ ràng. He gave me very explicit directions on how to get there. (~frank: thẳng thắn) • explicitly • explicitness Federal: (thuộc) liên bang • federally • federation Fee: Phí Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account? Flexible: Linh hoạt, mềm dẻo You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach. • flexibility • flexibly • inflexibility • inflexible • inflexibly Furthermore: (~moreover) Hơn nữa, vả lại, ngoài ra He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her. Gender: Giống In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender. Masculine gender: giống ñực Feminine gender: giống cái Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 5 - Ignore: (~disregard, take no notice of) Lờ ñi, phớt lờ He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette. If he tries to start an argument, just ignore him. • ignorance • ignorant • ignorantly Incentive: Sự khích lệ Incentive (for/to somebody/something) (to do something) There is no incentive for people to save fuel. Incidence: Tần suất An area with a high incidence of crime • incident • incidentally Incorporate: Kết hợp, sát nhập The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. We have incorporated all the latest safety features into the design. • incorporation Index: Mục lục Look it up in the index. Author and subject indexes are available on a library database. Inhibit: Ngăn chặn, hạn chế, kiềm chế A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child. Financial considerations are inhibiting access to higher education. (The managing director's presence inhibited them from airing their problems.) • inhibition Initiate: (~set in motion) Bắt ñầu, khởi ñộng To initiate legal proceedings against somebody The government has initiated a programme of economic reform. The reforms were initiated by Gorbachev. • initiation • initiative • initiator Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 6 - Input: Cái cho vào, ñầu vào Barley is one of the main inputs to the process of distillation. Growing anything in this soil will require heavy inputs of nutrients. I'd appreciate your input on this. Instruct: (~direct, order) Chỉ dẫn The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately. • instruction • instructive • instructively • instructor Intelligent: Thông minh • intelligence • intelligently • unintelligent Interval: Khoảng thời gian nghỉ (giữa 2 sự kiện) The interval between major earthquakes might be 200 years. He knocked on the door and after a brief interval it was opened. Lecture: Bài diễn thuyết, bài thuyết trình To attend a series of lectures on Jane Austen I know I should stop smoking—don't give me a lecture about it. • lecturer Migrate: (+to) (~emigrate): Di cư, di dân Thousands were forced to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of work. • migrant • migration • migratory Minimum: Tối thiểu, nhỏ nhất, ít nhất What are your minimum requirements for the job? The work was done with the minimum amount of effort. • ministerial • ministry Ministry: Bộ Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 7 - Motive: Cớ, lí do, ñộng cơ There seemed to be no motive for the murder. I'm suspicious of his motives. I have an ulterior motive in offering to help you. • motivate • motivated • motivation • motivational • motivator • motiveless • unmotivated Neutral: (~impartial, unbiased) Trung lập Journalists are supposed to be politically neutral. I didn't take my father's or my mother's side; I tried to remain neutral. • neutrality • neutralization • neutralize • neutrally Nevertheless: (~nonetheless ) Tuy nhiên, tuy thế mà Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try The old system had its flaws, but nevertheless it was preferable to the new one. Overseas: Hải ngoại, ngoài nước (adj) Overseas development/markets/trade Overseas students/visitors Precede: Xảy ra trước, tồn tại trước, ñi trước She preceded me in the job. See the preceding chapter. It had happened during the preceding year. • precedence • precedent • unprecedented • unprecedentedly Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 8 - Presume: (~assume) Cho là, coi như là, ñoán chừng They are very expensive, I presume? I presumed him to be her husband. Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young. • presumably • presumption • presumptuous Rational: (~ reasonable) Có lí, phải lẽ There is no rational explanation for his actions. • irrational • irrationality • irrationally • rationalism • rationality • rationalization • rationalize • rationally Recover: (nội, ngoại) Hồi phục, bình phục He's still recovering from his operation. It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one. The economy is at last beginning to recover. • recoverable • recovered • recovery Reveal: (~disclose) Tiết lộ, phát giác, ñể lộ, bộc lộ Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. • revealing • revealingly • revelation Scope: phạm vi, tầm xa (kiến thức) Our powers are limited in scope. These issues were outside the scope of the article. Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 9 - Subsidy: Tiền trợ cấp Agricultural subsidies • subsidiary • subsidization • subsidize Tape: Băng ghi âm I lent her my Bob Marley tapes. Trace: (~track down) Tìm, truy dấu, truy tìm gốc gác We finally traced him to an address in Chicago. I have been unable to trace the letter you mentioned. She could trace her family tree back to the 16th century. • traceable Transform: (~convert) Thay ñổi, biến ñổi hình thù, ñịnh dạng The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses. It was an event that would transform my life. (completely change theo hướng better) • transformation • transformational Transport: Sự vận chuyển, vận tải He can't drive so he has to rely on public transport. Transport to and from the airport is included in the price. • transportation • transporter Underlying: Nằm dưới, ẩn dưới The underlying assumption is that the amount of money available is limited. Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate. • underlie Utilise: Dùng, sử dụng (~make use of) The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material. The resources at our disposal could have been better utilized. Vitamin C helps the body utilize the iron present in your body. • utility • utilization • utilize . initiated by Gorbachev. • initiation • initiative • initiator Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 6 - Input: Cái cho vào, ñầu vào Barley is one of the main inputs to the. of the children a different task. • assignment • reassign • reassignment • unassigned Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Attach: ðính kèm, bao gồm She attached a photograph. cooperative if their views are taken seriously. • cooperate • cooperation • cooperatively Nhóm 6 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Discrimination: Sự phân biệt ñối xử Discrimination