Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 1 - Analysis: Sự phân tích Chemical analysis of the woman’s dress revealed traces of blood. The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes. At the meeting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools. • analyse / • analyze • analyst • analytic = isolating • analytical • analytically Approach: Phương pháp, tiếp cận We need to adopt a different approach to the problem What's the best way of approaching this problem? • approachable / • unapproachable Area: Phạm vi hiểu biết, chuyên môn Software is not really my area of expertise Assess: ðánh giá The tests are designed to assess a child's reading skills. It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes. Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of candidates. • assessable • assessment • reassess • reassessment Assume: Cho rằng, giả ñịnh Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out. Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time. In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10. I had assumed him to be a Belgian. • assumed • assuming • assumption Authority: Chuyên gia She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature • authoritative • authoritatively Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Available: Có thể mua ñược, sử dụng ñược This information is available free on the Internet. The new drug is not yet available to the public. When will the information be made available? We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. • availability • unavailability • unavailable Benefit: Lợi thế, lợi ích He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer. I had the benefit of a good education For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals. • beneficial • beneficiary Concept: Khái niệm He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics Concepts such as ‘civilization’ and ‘government’ • conception • conceptual • conceptualize • conceptually Consist: Bao gồm, gồm có A dessert consisting of fruit and cream (chứa ñựng) The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. (chính) • consistency / • inconsistency • consistent / • inconsistent • consistently / • inconsistently Constitute: (~establish, set up) Thiết lập, thành lập The committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament • constituency • constituent • constitution • constitutional / • unconstitutional • constitutionally / • unconstitutionally • constitutive Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Context: Trong hoàn cảnh This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s. His decision can only be understood in context. • contextual • contextualization • contextualize • contextually Contract: Hợp ñồng • contractor Create: Tạo ra, gây nên The snow created further problems Scientists disagree about how the universe was created. The government plans to create more jobs for young people. • creation / • recreation • creative • creatively • creativity • creator • recreate Data: Thông tin Define: Chắc chắn I've heard rumours, but nothing definite Your duties are clearly defined in the contract. Can you define what it means to be an American? • definable • definition • redefine • redefinition • undefined Derive: Nhận ñược, lấy ñược từ… tìm thấy nguồn gốc từ The name derives from Latin. The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city/ He derived great pleasure from painting • derivation • derivative Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 4 - Distribute: Phân phối, phân phát The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims • distribution • distributional • distributive • distributor • redistribute • redistribution • redistributive Economic: Thuộc kinh tế The economy is in recession • economical • economically • economics • economist • economy • uneconomic • uneconomical Environment: Môi trường An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour • environmental • environmentalism • environmentalist • environmentally Establish: Thành lập, thiết lập, củng cố The committee was established in 1912 Let's establish some ground rules. • established / • disestablish • establishment / • disestablishment Estimate: ðịnh giá, ñánh giá, ước lượng I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade • estimation • overestimate • overestimation • underestimate Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 5 - Evident: Hiển nhiên, rõ ràng (~obvious) It was evident from his voice that he was upset. The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses • evidence • evidential • evidently Export: Xuất khẩu 90% of the engines are exported to Europe • exporter Factor: Nhân tố, yếu tố The result will depend on a number of different factors Finance: Tài chính, tiền bạc Finance for education comes from taxpayers • financial • financially • financier Formula: Công thức • formulate / • reformulate • formulation / • reformulation Function: Chức năng The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body • functional • functionally Identify: Nhận ra, nhận diện (= ID) She was able to identify her attacker Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they were). The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver. • identifiable • identification Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 6 - Income: Thu nhập They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services Indicate: (~show, point) Chỉ ra, biểu lộ The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. • indication • indicative • indicator (=blinker) Invidual: Riêng rẻ, riêng biệt We interviewed each individual member of the community • individualism • individualist • individualistic • individuality • individually Interpret: Giải thích, làm sáng tỏ The students were asked to interpret the poem • interpretable • interpretation • interpretative • interpretive • misinterpret • misinterpretation • reinterpret • reinterpretation Involve: (~entail) Bao gồm, dính dáng ñến The test will involve answering questions about a photograph. The job involves my travelling all over the country. Many of the crimes involved drugs • involved • involvement • uninvolved Issue: Vấn ñề This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it • issuer Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 7 - Labour: Lao ñộng (chân tay) The company wants to keep down labour costs • labor Legal: Hợp pháp They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts • legality • legally • illegal • illegality • illegally Legislate: Lập pháp The government will legislate against discrimination in the workplace • legislation • legislative • legislator • legislature Major = most of/most = serious = huge >big We have encountered major problems • majority Method: Phương pháp, cách thức A new method of solving the problem • methodical • methodically • methodological • methodologically • methodology Occur: (~happen) Xảy ra, xảy ñến (ñột ngột) Something unexpected occurred According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m. • occurrence • reoccur Per cent: Phần trăm Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food • percentage Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 8 - Period: Giai ñoạn, khoảng thời gian The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years • periodic • periodical • periodically Policy: Chính sách, ñường lối hành ñông (Chính phủ, ðảng, Nhà Nước…) They have had a significant change in policy on paternity leave. Pinciple: Nguyên tắc I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles. Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it. • principled • unprincipled Proceed = continue = go on = tiếp tục = tiến hành = tiến trình We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip. He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail. Work is proceeding slowly. • procedural • procedure • proceeding • proceeds Process: Quá trình, sự tiến triển We're in the process of selling our house • processing Require: (~need) ðòi hỏi, yêu cầu what do you require of me? True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty. Lentils do not require soaking before cooking. (ðậu không cần ngâm…) • requirement Research: (v.n) Nghiên cứu To research into the causes of cancer I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there • researcher Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 9 - Respond: ðáp lại, hưởng ứng When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic • respondent • response • responsive • responsively • responsiveness • unresponsive Role: Vai trò It is one of the greatest roles she has played The role of the teacher in the classroom This part of the brain plays an important role in learning. Section (V: cắt, phân chia N: phần cắt ra) The library has a large biology section Sector (area, zone): Khu vực (kinh tế, kĩ thuật) the manufacturing sector Significant: Quan trọng, trọng ñại, ñầy ý nghĩa It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys There are no significant differences between the two groups of students. Your work has shown a significant improvement. • significance • significantly • signify • insignificance • insignificant • insignificantly Similar: Tương tự My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers. The two houses are similar in size The brothers look very similar. • similarity • similarly Source: Nguồn, nguồn gốc. Your local library will be a useful source of information. Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 10 - Specific: Dứt khoát, rõ ràng, chi tiết, chính xác I gave you specific instructions ‘I'd like your help tomorrow.’ ‘Can you be more specific’? A specific purpose/reason Could we arrange a specific time to meet? • specifically • specification • specificity • specifics • unidentifiable Structure: Cấu trúc The grammatical structures of a language • structural • structurally • restructuring • restructure • unstructured Theory: Giả ñịnh, học thuyết I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home • theoretical • theoretically • theoretician • theorist Vary: Thay ñổi (mức ñộ nhỏ) (ngọai, nội) The menu varies with the season Class numbers vary between 25 and 30. What time do you start work?’ ‘It varies.’ The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week • variability • variable • variably • variance • variant • variation • varied • invariable • invariably . Nhóm 1 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 1 - Analysis: Sự phân tích Chemical analysis of the woman’s dress revealed. constituted in 19 74 by an Act of Parliament • constituency • constituent • constitution • constitutional / • unconstitutional • constitutionally / • unconstitutionally • constitutive Nhóm 1 ðinh. environmentally Establish: Thành lập, thiết lập, củng cố The committee was established in 19 12 Let's establish some ground rules. • established / • disestablish • establishment /