[...]... most of the water 6 The process stream then enters a heat exchanger that a) cools the stream to -1 68°C and b) removes the and as solids 7 The cooling for the heat exchanger is provided by a small amount of nitrogen and oxygen that are fed to an expander valve 8 The stream that leaves the heat exchanger is primarily nitrogen and oxygen 9 This stream goes through another expander valve that cools it to 190°C,... cools it to 190°C, and then it enters the fractionating column 10 The nitrogen and oxygen are then separated based on boiling point and 11 Further fractionation of the oxygen stream removes the argon and gives a stream that is 12 Argon, with a boiling point of -1 83°C, can be obtained as a middle fraction and distilled further 6 SYNTHETIC NITROGEN PRODUCTS 1.3 PRODUCTS UTILIZING NITROGEN Nitrogen does not... nitrogen from the air with other elements to form other compounds On the roots of beans‚ peas‚ clover and other leguminous plants are nodules When these nodules are examined under a powerful microscope‚ they are found to be the homes of great masses of nitrogen- fixing” bacteria The bacteria have the ability to extract nitrogen from the air and convert it into soluble nitrates These nitrates renew the fertility... protoplasm and various organelles that contain nitrogen- bearing compounds such as proteins and enzymes7 The Nitrogen Cycle is shown in Figure 2.1 along with some examples of different fixation processes 143 2.1 NITROGEN OXIDES Most nitrogen products have been based on nitrogen oxides and ammonia; so the history of fixation of nitrogen as nitrogen oxides and ammonia is of interest The five oxides of nitrogen. .. are7: NO Nitrous Oxide Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Trioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Pentoxide 7 8 SYNTHETIC NITROGEN PRODUCTS NITROGEN FIXATION 9 Nitrogen trioxide and nitrogen pentoxide are the anhydrides of nitrous acid and of nitric acid They are difficult to prepare and are unstable Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is a colorless gas It has a slightly sweet odor and taste and is somewhat soluble in water... cryogenic nitrogen production process the following steps occur: 1 Air, which contains 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen and 0.9% Argon, is fed to the process 2 The air is filtered to remove particulates 3 The air is then compressed to 77 psi 4 Next the air enters an Oxidation Chamber that removes hydrocarbons by converting them to carbon dioxide and water 5 The stream then passes through a water separator to remove... rival the rainbow in the brilliance of their colors With other elements nitrogen forms drugs such as morphine‚ quinine and acetanilid that ease pain and combat diseases Nitrogen- bearing compounds are used to make some very deadly compounds such as nitroglycerin‚ guncotton‚ and ptomaines Some nitrogen compounds provide pleasant-tasting flavors and sweet perfumes while others are so vile in taste and odor... processes for nitrogen production use molecular sieve carbon as the adsorbent, but this one uses Zeolite X Water and carbon dioxide are first removed in a two-bed PSA system, and then the nitrogen is concentrated and purified in a three-bed system4 The purity of the product is The NitroGEN (Nitrogen Generator) process is a version of the VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption) process for separating nitrogen. .. is the final step in the synthetic production of nitric acid Nitrogen dioxide also acts as an oxidizing agent in the manufacture of sulfuric acid 10 SYNTHETIC NITROGEN PRODUCTS Nitrogen dioxide causes the sulfur dioxide to be oxidized to sulfur trioxide‚ which then unites with water to form sulfuric acid In 1780 Henry Cavendish‚ an English scientist‚ used an electric spark to combine atmospheric nitrogen. .. Ammonia is the starting material for six primary nitrogen products: urea‚ ammonium nitrate‚ ammonium phosphates‚ ammonium sulfate‚ nitric acid and nitrogen solutions (i.e.‚ aqueous solutions that are mixtures of selected nitrogen chemicals)36 15 16 SYNTHETIC NITROGEN PRODUCTS 3.1 NITROGEN INDUSTRY: CAPACITY AND PRODUCTION Up through the 1960’s‚ the development of the nitrogen industry took place in the developed . attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document Date: 2005.06.14 11:16:54 +08'00' Synthetic Nitrogen Products This page intentionally left blank Synthetic Nitrogen Products A Practical. of: 1) products that are made from or that contain nitrogen; 2) the processes that produce these products; and 3) the markets that consume these products. I have attempted to present the material. market. Engineering and Chemistry Students to learn more about practical applications of the principals that they have experienced in their classrooms and laboratories. v vi SYNTHETIC NITROGEN PRODUCTS Business