4 ri.ru MI L ic A n PUBLICATION NO. ICAR/ED(A) PUB-16/6-2QQ1 CURRICULA AND SYLLABI FOR MASTER'S DEGREE PROGRAMS IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACCREDITATION BOARD SECRETARIAT EDUCATION DIVISION IMDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH KRISHl ANUSANDHAN BHAVAN-II, PUSA. NEW DELHI-110 012 CURRICULA AND SYLLABI FOR MASTER'S DEGREE PROGRAM IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ICAR ACCREDITATION BOARD SECRETARIAT EDUCATION DIVISION INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH KRISHI ANUSANDHAN BHAVAN-II, PUSA, NEW DELHI-110 012 Publication No. ICAR/ED(A) Pub-16/6-2001 PRINTED: NOVEMBER, 2001 Director (DIPA) : A. CHAKRAVARTY Chief Production Officer : VIRENDER KUMAR BHARTI Technical Officer : ASHOK SHASTRI Published by Shri A. Chakravarty, Director (DIPA), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, Laser typeset by M/s Vee Kay Printers, 37-A, Kundan Nagar, Near Bank Enclave, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-110092 and printed at M/s Vinayak Press, B-1 111 1, Okhla, Phase-I, New Delhi-110020. PREFACE Technology aided by matching policy and institutional support propelled the productivity- led growth in crop, animal, fish and horticulture production in India during the post-independence period. Agricultural growth trend achieved until now outpaced population growth and ensured food self-sufficiency. The Green, White, Blue and Yellow revolutions bear testimony to the success of the strategies pursued in the past. For accelerating income growth, alleviating poverty and enhancing nutrition security, agriculture sector has to move on to a higher growth trajectory in the coming decades. Ongoing domestic market and trade related reforms underlines the need for ensuring efficiency, equity and sustainability while planning for future agricultural development strategy. Privatization of services in agricultural sector is beginning to happen. Sharing of agricultural research, extension and development domains with increasing private sector participation is changing the structure and composition of agricultural development process itself. Production, efficiency, equity and sustainability related goals assume conflicting propositions increasing the complexity of challenges confronting the Indian National Agricultural System. Knowledge and information intensive agricultural strategy differentiated by specific agro climatic and socio-economic typologies will be in demand. Agricultural education in social sciences will have to respond to the dynamic agricultural strategy needs encompassing research, extension and development domains. Central focus in the social sciences education will have to be on efficient agricultural technology management including generation, adoption and diffusion of knowledge intensive technologies. The Education Division of ICAR has been guiding and coordinating agricultural education in the country. With the establishment and growth of State Agricultural Universities, revision of courses and curricula in agricultural and allied sciences has been taken up periodically through Deans' committees. The third Deans' Committee in the series on agricultural education (1995) recommended constitution of separate committee by the ICAR for revision of post graduate curricula in view of emerging areas, advancement of science and human resource needs in 21st century. Accordingly, the Accreditation Board of ICAR constituted 16 Broad Subject Matter Area (BSMA) Committees for restructuring of post graduate course curricula and other related issues. The BSMA Committee on Social Sciences coordinated by the Head, Division of Agricultural Extension, IARI, New Delhi was constituted vide ICAR Office Order No. l-3/98-Acdn./Edu. Dated 30.11.98 to examine the present post graduate course curricula and to revise the same in the disciplines of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Economics. The six members BSMA Committee on Social Sciences included Dr. C. Ramasamy, Director, Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Studies, TNAU, Coimbatore; Dr. H.S. Vijaya Kumar, Prof. & Head, Dept. of Agricultural Marketing, Cooperation and Agri-business Management, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka; Dr. P. Kumar, Head, Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI; Dr. S. Selvarajan, Principal Scientist (Agril. Economics), NCAP and Dr. Rasheed Sulaiman V, Scientist (Agril. Ext.), NCAP as Members and Dr B.P.Sinha (up to Feb.1999) and Dr. Baldeo Singh (from March 1999 onwards), Head, Division of Agril. Extension, IARI, as Coordinator. The first meeting of the BSMA Committee on Social Sciences was held on August 30-31, 1999, in the Division of Agricultural Extension, IARI, New Delhi, for developing draft post graduate course curricula in the disciplines of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Extension. The syllabi collected from 16 major SAUs and ICAR institutes, and also some foeign universities were deliberated upon in the meeting to rationalize the post graduate programmes under Social Sciences. Thereafter, a few informal meetings among the members and two workshops were organised on April 26-27, 2000 and Aug. 4-5, 2000 respectively in the Division of Agricultural Extension, IARI, New Delhi for finalising the draft post graduate course curricula developed in the preceding meetings. These meetings and workshops were attended by eminent professors in the relevant disciplines from various SAUs and ICAR institutes, besides local invitees. In these workshops, the draft post graduate course curricula were thoroughly deliberated upon and revised suitably with a view to develop professionalism and skills in the students to match the future requirements of specialised manpower. In both the disciplines, namely, Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Extension, the course contents have been developed for theory and practical. The relevant references under "Suggested Readings" have been provided for each course. We are thankful to all the members of the BSMA Committee on Social Sciences and Heads of Departments (Social Sciences) of all SAUs, who sent their comments and suggestions, and specially to distinguished participants who attended the meeting/ workshops and made valuable suggestions and contributions in the development of post graduate course curricula and syllabi of social science disciplines. Thanks are also due to Dr. S.L. Mehta, Ex DDG (Edu) and Dr. (Mrs) Tej Verma, ODD (Edu) Incharge for their support and encouragement in revising the curricula. We gratefully acknowledge the guidance and encouragement received from Dr. R. S. Paroda, Ex-Secretary, DARE and Ex-Director General, ICAR and Chairman of Accreditation Board, in restructuring PG Course curricula. We specially thank Dr. Panjab Singh, Ex-Director, IARI and now Secretary, DARE and D.G. ICAR for his encouragement, advise and facilities provided to the BSMA committee on Social Sciences Our thanks are due to Dr. Parmatama Singh, Professor, Agril. Economics and Dean, PGS; Dr. S. Veerasamy, Professor (Agril. Extension); Dr. V.C. Mathur, Principal Scientist (Agril. Economics); Dr. (Mrs.) Premlata Singh, Scientist-Sr. Scale (Agril. Ext.) and Mr. V.K. Chaturvedi, Technical Officer (Agril. Ext.), IARI, New Delhi, for their support throughout this exercise. It is hoped that the postgraduate course curricula developed by the Committee will provide necessary basis for the immediate future while facilitating continuous dialogue to refine and adjust to the evolving needs dynamically. New Delhi BALDEO SINGH Oct., 2001 G.D. DIWAKAR N.L. MAURYA CONTENTS Page No. Preface (Hi) Agricultural Economics 1 Agricultural Extension 14 Annexures List of participants in the BSMA Committee meeting 27 List of participants in the 1st BSMA Workshop 28 List of participants in the Ilnd BSMA Workshop 29 1. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Major Courses 25 credits A.1 Core Courses 12 credits 1. Microeconomics 3+0 2. Macroeconomics 3 + 0 3. Econometrics 2+1 4. Research Methodology 2+1 Seminar 1+0 credit A. 2 Optional Courses 12 credits 1. Agricultural Development, Growth, Policy and Planning * 3 + 1 2. Economics of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainability * 2+1 3. International Trade* 2+1 4. Optimisation Techniques 1 + 1 5. Agricultural Project Analysis 2+1 6. Agricultural Production Economics 2+1 7. Agricultural Marketing and price analysis 2+1 8. Agricultural Finance and Cooperation 2+1 9. Livestock Economics 2+1 10. Fisheries Economics 2 + 1 B. Supporting Courses** 10 credits 1. Statistical Methods 2+1 2. Mathematical Methods 3+0 Any other course to be decided by the advisory committee depending on specialization of the student. Total 35 credits * The group felt mat these courses are very important and students should be encouraged to register for these courses. ** Course contents not given. A.1 CORE COURSES 1. Microeconomics (3+ 0) Theory of consumer behaviour: concepts, utility functions- existence and nature, utility maximization- analytical approaches, limitations and applications, demand theory, ordinary and compensated demand functions-derivations-analytical approaches, limitations and applications; demand theory and elasticity matrix generation, total price effect, decomposition analysis, direct and cross effects- analytical approaches and applications generalized to n variables. Extended theory of consumer behaviour: Recent developments in the theory of demand, linear expenditure system, constant elasticity demand function, dynamic versions of demand functions-distributed lag models, Houthakker's and Taylor's dynamic models; utility functions-separable and additive, homogenous and homothetic functions, direct and indirect; theory of revealed preference, composite commodity theorem, consumer's surplus, expected utility with risk. Basic theory of the firm: concepts, production functions, productivity curves and isoquants derivations-analytical approaches, limitations and applications, optimization behaviour-alternative models, short run and long run cost functions, factor demand derivation, total price effect-substitution effect, output effect and profit maximization effect- decomposition analysis-analytical approaches and applications generalized to n variables supply and elasticity matrix generation-conceptual framework for agricultural commodities, joint products- concepts and constrained optimisation. Extended theory of the firm: homogenous production functions, constant elasticity of substitution production functions-concepts, properties, equilibrium analysis and applications; duality in production, production under uncertainty, linear production functions for single and multi-output cases. Perfect competition, market demand functions, temporal supply functions and externalities, commodity market equilibrium-short run, long run, differential cost conditions; theory of cost and empirical evidence on the shape of cost functions, taxation applications, factor market-supply demand functions, futures market-hedging, risk assumption. Suggested Readings 1. Henderson, J. M. and R. E. Quandt. (1972): Micro Economic Theory; A Mathematical Approach. McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd. 2. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979): Modern Microeconomics, Macmillan Press Ltd., ELBS, London. 3. Ferguson, C.E. (1989): Micro Economic Theory. AITBS, New Delhi. 4. Mansfield, Edwin (1989): Applied Micro Economics, WWW Norton, New York. 5. Leftwich, Richard H. and D. R. Eckert. (1962): The Price System and Resource Allocation. The Dryden Press, Halt Saunders, Japan. 2. Macroeconomics (3+0) Concept and measurement: national income, consumption -theories of consumption product, wealth, money, price level, inflation, CPI, WSPI, employment, unemployment and output in the economy. Employment Theory - Say's Law, quantity theory of money, wages, prices, employment and production, classical theory of saving, investment and interest rate. The simple Keynesian and Classical synthesis-Keynesian theory of interest, IS-LM form of the model, classical version of the synthesis. Input-output model. The concept of full employment, inflationary gap. The theory of income determination and multiple market economic systems, Multiplier and accelerator analysis, Monetary and fiscal policies, Integration of macro-economics with monetary analysis in the context of both open and closed economies. Suggested Readings 1. Ackley, Gardner (1963). Macroeconomics: Theory and Policies. Macmillan, New York. 2. Dernburg, T. F. (1985). Macroeconomics: Concepts, Theories and Policies. McGraw Hill, Singapore. 3. Skaggs, N.T and Carlson, J.L. (1996). Macroeconomics. Blackwell, Oxford. 4. Shapiro, E.J. (1989). Macroeconomic Analysis. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York. 5. Branson H.William (1977) Macroeconomics Theory and Policy :London Harper&Row publishers 3. Econometrics (2+1) Representation of economic phenomenon, relationship among economic variables, linear and non- linear economic models. Analysis of economic time series components and their interpretation. Growth curves and their estimation. Index numbers, their characteristics and construction of price and quantity index numbers. Ordinary least squares methods of estimation of simple and multiple regression models. The BLUE properties of least squares estimate, tests of significance and confidence intervals. Summary statistics-correlation matrix, residual variance, co-efficient of multiple correlation, standard errors of estimated coefficients and their uses, partial correlation and its uses. Maximum likelihood estimation. Multicollinearity, principal component analysis, use of dummy variables, Generalised Aitken's least-squares methods of estimation, Random coefficients models. Heteroscedasticity. Auto-correlation, Durbin-Watson test, error of specification, Estimation from grouped data. Application of computer softwares like SPSS, LIMDEP, TSP, SHAZAM, SAS for solving practical econometric problems. Practical Selection of models for collected data. Identification of variables. Estimation of regression models. Tests for autocorrelation, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. Use of dummy variables. Distributed lag models. Use of PC for linear regression models. Suggested Readings 1. Madalla , G.S. (1977). Econometrics. McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. 2. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1984). Theory of Econometrics. Macmillan, London. 3. Johnston, J. (1987). Econometric Methods. McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd, Japan 4. Gujarati, D.N. (1995). Basic Econometrics. McGraw Hill, Singapore. ITI 5. Acharya, S. S. and Madnani (1988): Applied Econometrics for Agricultural Economists, Himanshu Publications, New Delhi. 4. Research Methodology (2+1) Social science - definition, goals and functions. Role of social science research in agriculture. Agricultural economics research-induction and deduction, sources of information, review of literature, identification of problem, and formulation of objectives and hypothesis. Types of hypothesis. Testing of hypothesis. Research Design. Type of data and their sources, methods of data collection- formal (sampling) and informal (PRA, RRA) survey techniques, preparation of questionnaire, interview method, mail order method, cost accounting method. Analysis of data - methods of analysis. Selection of appropriate tools for analysis. Introduction to statistical software for social sciences. Report writing-methods of reporting. Use of tables, graphs, diagram, etc. in reports using computers. Practical The students will identify a problem in agricultural economics and work on the problem during the semester as trained in theory classes by intensively using personal computers. Suggested Readings 1. Kothari, C.R. (2000): Quantitative Techniques, 3 rd Edition, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. 2. Mukerjee, Neela. Participatory Rural Appraisal: Methodology and Applications, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi. [...]... selected NGOs; Training typology, training approaches and strategies; Conceptual models of training; Planning, designing and conducting training programmes; Training need assessment; Training methods: preparation, selection and use; Monitoring, evaluation and follow up of training; Training institutions in India and facilities available for human resource development Practical Exercises on training needs assessment,... Fundamentals of layout and design; Art of page makeup; Techniques of editing and proof reading; Research in agricultural journalism and applications; Printing methods and processes for different extension publications Practical Processes of printing extension literature; News collection and interview; Writing for farm magazines and newspapers and extension publications including folder, booklet, circular... Introduction to the Economics and Agricultural Production, Prentice Hall, New Delhi 7 Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis (2+ 1) Market structure, conduct performance analysis Marketing channels for different products in agriculture and animal husbandry State intervention and parastatals in agricultural marketing Pricing of agricultural inputs and products Buffer stocking and import policies for agricultural. .. capacity Agricultural credit policy Review of various committee reports on rural credit and investment Role of public and private sector banks and co-operatives in rural/ farm financing Role and functioning of international financial institutions Principles of agricultural finance and financial management Principles and practices of co-operation Major cooperative organizations and their functioning-IFFCO,... Process and Methods Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd A 2 Optional Courses 1 Program Planning in Extension , (1+1) Importance, principles, steps and process in developing sound extension programmes; Process of developmental planning and national planning system; Organizational structure for planning at various levels; Formulation of five year plans in India; Participatory planning process: PRA, RRA and. .. Principles of learning: pedagogy and andragogy; Selection of trainees; Assessment of training needs; Setting objectives; Designing and conducting extension training programmes; Developing training modules; Selection and orientation of trainers; Training methods: lecture, seminar, symposium, workshop, case study, group discussion, conference, convention, panel discussion, buzz sessions, forum, debates,... role playing, business games, skits, Critical Incidence Technique (CIT), in- basket exercise, programmed instruction, experiential learning techniques such as sensitivity training, T group, Transactional Analysis and fish bowl exercise; Evaluation and follow up of training Practical Exercises in using selected training methods in simulated and real life; Design and conduct of extension training at village... organizations and NGOs, Assignments and term papers Suggested Readings 1 Dantwala, M.L and Barmeda, J.N (1990) Rural Development Approaches and Issues in Indian Agricultural Development since Independence Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd., New Delhi 2 Fenders, J.M.A (1958) Methods and programme Planning in Rural Extension Veenman & Zonen, Wageningen, Netherlands 3 Singh, Katar (1999) Rural Development - Principles,... lending, Role of commercial banks in financing agriculture, Rural credit review panel report-Multi agency approach Small farmers' development agencies Role of State Bank of India, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD, NGO's in rural financing Agricultural financing and infrastructure programmes for weaker sections Credit guarantee scheme-Crop and Livestock insurance Role and functioning of international financial... livestock products and by products, methods for estimation of cost and returns for livestock products and by products Livestock and poultry records and accounts; system of accounting; assessment of financial records, livestock and poultry insurance and credit facilities, role of formal and informal rural financial institutions in the development of livestock and poultry enterprises, cooperatives and government . 30-31, 1999, in the Division of Agricultural Extension, IARI, New Delhi, for developing draft post graduate course curricula in the disciplines of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Extension. The syllabi collected. credit and investment. Role of public and private sector banks and co-operatives in rural/ farm financing. Role and functioning of international financial institutions. Principles of agricultural finance. intervention and parastatals in agricultural marketing. Pricing of agricultural inputs and products. Buffer stocking and import policies for agricultural produce. Value addition and its impact