40 NGON NGUT & 001 SONG SO 1+2(183+184)-2011 NGOAI NGQ VOI BAN NGO TIENG ANH AI MA CHANG MUON HOC TOT NGUYEN THANH TAM (Ha Noi) Trong ITnh vue giao due tieng Anh eho the he tre, dieu lam nhieu ngudi trdn trd nbire nhdi nhat, la sd sinh vien tdt nghiep ed ti le ndi va nghe duge tieng Anh rat thap. Theo sd lieu cdng bd tai hdi thao qudc te ve "Vai tro cua giao due ngon ngir va van hoa vdi viec dao tao nguon nhan lye dia phuo'ng trong boi canh toan cau hda" ddu thang 4 ndm 2009 tai Ha Ngi ma tdi may man dugc dy, ti le "edm" va "diee" tieng Anh ddi vdi sinh vien tdt nghiep md mdn tieng Anh khdng la chuyen ngtr tren tu 80- 85% va ddi vdi nhirng trudng chuyen tieng Anh 40-45%. Neu sd lieu tren la tin cay, thi tinh trang nay dang bao dgng va de chung ta suy nghT. Vay day va bgc tieng Anh nhu the nao ndi chung va nhat la d trong cac trudng pho thdng va dai hgc? Tdi biet kien thire tieng Anh la vd tan, minh ehang la gi ca trong thien ha. Nhung tai sao minh lai khdng dya vao nhimg nam •'lan lgi" vdi "nghiep" tieng Anh eua minh, ma manh dan Idm "y ta" de cung cac "bac sf" khae chua dugc cdn benh "cam" va '"diee" tieng Anh cho cae sinh vien chung ta? Tdi hy vgng bai nay phan ndo giup ieh cac sinh vien dang hgc tieng Anh, ke ea nhiing ai yeu thich mdn ngoai ngii nay. Dau tien ngudi hgc phai xac dinh that rd dgng CO hgc tieng Anh. Thdi dai ngay nay, hien nhien la neu sau khi sinh vien tdt nghiep d eac trudng dai hgc, eao ddng hoac chuyen nghiep, ed trinh do tieng Anh tdt thi rat de ed viee lam viec tdt vdi muc thu nhap tdt. Hg ed the tiep tyc bgc tap d nude ngoai de sau nay cang dugc cdng hien nhieu cho xa bgi, vdi tuong lai sang lan Nguge lai, neu sd sinh vien mdn tieng Anh khdng tot tuy ed mdn bgc ehinh ket qua rat gidi, ma thi lELTS hay TOEFT khdng dat, thi cung la vo nghTa, ndi ehi den chuyen dugc cdng viec lam tdt hoac du hgc nude ngoai? Chi sau khi hg da xae dinh lgi ieh cua tieng Anh cac ban tre nay mdi thye su ed duac quyet tam hgc tieng Anh. Luc do hg se tim ra phuong phap hgc cd dugc ket qua tdt nhat. Hgc tieng Anh, bat dau tir bgc ndi tdt. "Ndi" a day khdng ehi don thuan la ndi, ma nd cdn gdm nhieu khdu quan trgng ma the thieu dugc trong qua trinh ndi. Dd la phat am chuan, trong am diing, ngir dieu "nuot" va noi theo each noi cua nguoi ban ngir. Nhieu ngudi biet, khi phat am cd trgng am sai thi nghTa hodn toan khae nhau. (nhu chir content (la danh tir) nghTa la ngi dung va content (la tinh tir) nghTa la ddng y. Mudn phat am chuan, viec dau tien, thay day phai phat am chuan. Chung ta cd 1001 each kiem chimg xem thay day cd ndi ehuan khdng. Biit bao nhieu giao trinh day kem theo bdng, dTa, tren kenh truyin hinh BBC, ABC, CNN cd thi giup chung ta biet duge ngay tiing Anh cua thay cd ehuan khdng. Ngay nay khdng thieu gi ngudi bdn ngii Anh, MT hoac Australia hay cac ban be da tu nghiep so 1+2 (183+184)-2011 NGON NGUT & 06l SONG 41 d nude ngoai cd thi giup ta khau phat am tieng Anh chudn. Ngudi nude ngoai ed ehung mot nhan xet la nhieu ngudi Viet Nam khi ndi tiing Anh thudng khdng de y am cuoi tir. Dieu nay dan den ngudi nghe hieu sai dieu dinh ndi va thye su gay khd chiu cho ngudi nghe, bdt hg phai doan. Am "fai" neu bd am euoi cd the la fine,{Xb\ dep) five (sd nam) fight (chiln dau),fire (lua, ehay ),y?/e (hd so),find{1\m thay). Tuong ty nhu vay, khi ndi Cd dy tdt (^he Is nice) cd the nham la Cd dy chin tuoi (She is nine). Six (sau) ciing de nham la sick (dm) Khau ndi bao gdm ca nghe nira, ngudi ndi phai hieu gi ddi phuong dang ndi. Rd rang chi khi phat am dung, thi ngudi nghe mdi hieu dung ngudi ndi dinh dien ta, chuyen tai thdng tin gi, va nguge lai. Trong giao tiep ddi khi ta khdng the hieu het 100%, phai van dyng kT nang ndi, la phai phan doan va dya va van canh Vi vay phai ren liiyen kT nang nghe, binh iTnh va doan nghTa trong ndi dung eau chuyen dang ndi den. Thi du khi dang ndi ve de tai gia dinh eon cai, "Tdi cd cau con trai 19 tudi, khdng the nham la 90 tudi. Neu chi cham chu vao mot vai ehii chua hieu ma khdng nghe dugc chtr, doan khdc thi bd lai nhirng phan quan trgng tiep. De luyen kT ndng ndi, luc dau, ban cd the hgc thugc long nhu may mdt sd "cau tu" ma trong giao dich nhiing eau xa giao thdng thudng nhu "Chdo dng, dng cd khde khdng hay dgo ndy dng cd khde khdng?", "Ong den Viet Nam bao nhieu lan? ", "Ong cdn d Viel Nam bao lau nita? ". "Cdm on dng vi su chu ddo cua dng vdi chung Idi", khi nhiing cau ndi nay nhanh nhu may, ban se cang tu tin hon khi giao tilp vol hg. Hay hgc each ndi tiing Anh cua cae hudng dan vien du lieh. That khdng qua khi ndi nhieu hudng dan vien du lieh Viet Nam ndi tiing Anh rat ehuan, hay va luu lodt, ehi vi hg da qua thugc bai va phai ndi hang ngay. Vay thi xin mdi cac ban hay lam thir hudng dan vien du lich de nang eao tieng Anh! Cach day da nhieu nam rdi, cd lan ddn khach nude ngoai tai san bay Ngi Bai, tdi van nhd den mot cau ndi cua mdt nhan vien hai quan chung ta hdi ngudi nude ngoai bang tieng Anh rat chuan va luu loat vdi gigng tram "Xin dng cho xem hd chieu, dng cd gi de ke khai hdi quan khdng?" "Passport please! Have you got anything to declare" Tai sao? Dd la cau cira mieng chac nhan vien hai quan nay phai ndi den qua nghin lan rdi (thye tinh, tir suy nghT dd, nd da giup tdi nhieu trong khau tap ndi tieng Anh). Vay cting xin mdi cac ban hay lam thu nhan vien hai quan tai san bay qudc te Ngi Bai de ndi gidi tieng Anh! Nhieu ngudi nude ngoai nhan xet khdng it sinh vien Viet Nam cd vdn tu vyng rat phong phu va nam chac ngu phap ban ca giao vien ban ngii, nhung hg van su dyng tieng Anh khdng dung, hoac dung van pham nhung khdng phai each ndi cua ngudi ban ngtr, bdi vi hg cung bi anh hudng ngtr phap, hoac each ndi cua tieng Viet. Dung la trong tieng Anh, mot sd cdu ed cau tnie gidng tieng Viet (thi du: "Tdi mudn di ehg" (I want to go to the market) hay "Tdi cd khd khan trong cuge sdng" (I have dificulty in life), cdn lai, each ndi cua ngudi Viet khae xa each eua ngudi ban ngii. Chang ban nhu cau "Ong cd the ndi dugc bao nhieu lieng nude ngodi?" ngudi ta ndi "What languages do you speak? " chu khdng phai "How many foreign languages can you speak ". Tuong tu nhu vay, "Bao gio thi dng ve nude? " thi ngudi ta ndi "Ong d ddy cdn 42 NGON NGi/8(06l SONG SO 1+2 (183+184)-2011 bao Idu?" (How long are you staying in Viet Nam?), chir khdng ndi "When do you have lo leave Vieliium for your country?". Hay cdu khae: "Tdi nay anh dinh lam gi?" ("What are you doing tonight? ") hoae: "Tdi rat thich anh" ("I really like you", khdng phai la: "I like you very much"). Nhirng thi du tuong ty nhu vay thi nhieu vd ke. Xin mdi cae ban tir kham phd. Sau khi ban da "len tay" tieng Anh. ndi tuang ddi dimg dgng lir nao di vdi tinh tir, danh tu nao (thi du lo do homework, exercises nhung lo make progress, lo make a mistake ) ban nen dan "nang tay nghe" bang each van dung thanh ngfr. Chdng han, "Tdi khdng khde lam!" (I am not very well) nhung ngirdi ta thirdng ndi "/ am a bit under die weather". Toi nhd ed lan nigl ban khach nu nude ngoai den nha cho'i ngdi da lau, tdi hdi te nhi "Bd mudn sira sang, trang diem sdc dep khdng?". (Do you like to powder your nose?) Ba khach mim eudi gat dau ngam hieu ngay bd cd cdn di toilet khdng? Mot lan khae, khi di choi phd vdi mot ba khach du lich ntzudi MT. khi cam thav da khat va met, tdi mua 2 ehai nude khoang con, mot mdi ba va mot phan tdi. Ba khach cir ddi tra tien. Tdi tir ehdi va bao "Ddng Id bao nhiHu!" ("ehieken-shit-money'") ("Tien eirt ga ay ma"", tire la "Ddng Id bao nhieu lien") Tdi ndi xong, ba khach ngac nhien Sling sdt khen tdi ndi tieng Anh, ba eu tudng lui sinh idng 6 MT hoac ehi It cung hgc tap d MT ve chir hg ed biet dau, do la nhung eau ndi sinh boat tdi hgc duge trong giao dich tieng Anh vdi iigutri ban ngCr. Sinh boat trong eac eau lae bd ndi tieng Anh, hay tham gia eac budi giao luu vdn hda vdi cae ban nude ngoai hay trao ddi e-mail vdi eac ban ngirdi ban ngu' lii dieu kien li tudng de nang eao tieng Anh ndi va viet eua ban. Cd lan khi nhan duge e-mail eua mdt ban Anh lam viec d Viet Nam, ban da md dau bang cau "/ hope this mail finds you well". Tai sao ta lai khdng sir diing eau nay mdi lan viet thu nhi? Tdi ed ngudi ban phdng vien MT trude day thudng trii tai Ha Ngi quen nhau trong cdng trie, na}' ban \'c nude de hoan thdnh luan an tiln sT. Anh vilt thu cho tdi giai thich tai sao chain viet thir: vi qua ban rgn, vira gianh thdi gian cho thi cir, lai vice cdng viee lu hang nga) luon doi hdi. Anh viet: "The past year has been an extremely biiSy lime for me between a second child, a demanding fob and work on my PhD research, and I haven't had lime for much of anything else ". Cuoi thu, ban tdi viet: "Best wishes, health and happiness to you and your family!" Tdi rat thieh nhung eau nay eiia ban tdi, tdi hgc thugc, "bien thanh" cua minh va sir dung hang ngay khi tdi viet elio ban be, ndi rd li do tai sao tdi chain viet thu. Cau "The pasl year has been un extremely busy lime for me belween l6\ thay bang cau "the pasl two years have been extremely hiisv limes for me between " . Xem nhCrnu eau nay, cd "tay" va "ta" deu khen tdi ndi tieng Anh. Hg ed biet dau dd la nhung eau tdi da hgc cua cae ban ngudi ban ngtr trong khi trao ddi e-mail. ,-,,r,, Nhung ehu de sinh hoat trong eau lac bo dd, ehang ban "sir ndng len cua khi hdii loan cdu " (global warming) ed the la de tai tdt de tranli luan. Ban hay bam gid do thu ndi dugc bao nhieu phut ve de tai nay? Xin dam bao sau mot vai lan sinh boat eau lae bg, tieng .^nh eua ban se luu loat ban. Theo ddi thudng xuyen cac kenh truyin hinh BBC, ABC, CNN ngoai lugng thdng tin ndng ban biet. ban ed the hoe duge nhilu tir vung, each ndi, phat am \a iigiic tiuig Anh eliiian eua ngudi ban ngti'. (xem tiep trang H5) so 1 +2 (183+184)-2011 NGON NGJJ 8c o6l SONG 85 2. Trin Van Co (2007), Ngdn ngir hoc tri nhdn (Ghi chep va suy nghi), Nxb. KHXH. 3. Nguyen Lai (1999), Nhirng bdi gidng ve ngdn ngu hgc dgi cuong - Tap I : Mdi quan he giiia ngdn ngir vd tu duy, Nxb. DHQGHaNgi, tr.191-199. 4. Ly Toan Thang (2005), Ngdn ngir hgc tri nhdn. Tir II thuyet dgi cuang den thuc lien lieng Viet, Nxb. Khoa bgc xa hdi (tai ban 2009, Nxb. Phuang Ddng). 5. Trdn Ngge Them (tai ban 2001), Tim ve bdn sdc vdn hda Viet Nam, Nxb. Tp. HCM. Tieng Anh 6. Choi, I., Nisbett, R. E., & Smith, E. E. (1997). Culture, categorization and inductive reasoning. Cognition, 65, 15-32. 7. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980), Metaphor we live by. Chicago, London. 8. Wierzbieka, A. (1991), Cross- Culliiral Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. Mouton de Gruyter Berlin. 9. Wierzbieka, A. (1992a), Semantics. Culture, and Cognition: Universal Human Concepts in Culture-Specific Configurations. New York: Oxford University Press. 10. Wierzbieka, A. (1992b), 'Japanese Key words and core cultural values' Language in Society. 20:333-385. 11. Wierzbieka, A. (1993), 'A conceptual basis for cultural psychology' Ethos 21(2): 205-231. 12. Wierzbieka, A. (1996), Semantics: Primes and Universals. New York: Oxford University Press Oxford. 13. Wierzbieka, A. (1997). Understanding Cultures through their Key Words: English. Russian. Polish, German, .hipanes. New York: Oxford Univ. Press (Ban Bien tap nhan bai ngay 24-11-2010) TIENG ANH {tiep theo trang 42) Trong thdi dai ngay nay, khi cdng nghe khoa bgc phat trien, cd rat nhieu cac sach giao khoa tieng Anh, d cac hieu sach, va ca d tren mang internet. Ngudn tri thirc vd tan nay cd the giup ban bgc tdt tieng Anh. Xin mdi ban hay tan dyng ehung. Dung la hgc tieng Anh nghiem tuc that lam cdng phu vat va va phai kien tam. Phai bgc, nghe, viet va dge, tao mgi ca bgi cd the de thye hanh trong hang ngay, hang tuan. Dd la con dudng khd khdn dai vd tan, nhung ciing day thich thu. Sao ban lai khdng thu "dan than" vao con dudng hgc van day chdng gai vat va nay xem sao? Cac cy da day da cd di se tat phdi den ma. Thay ldi ket, tdi xin neu len mdt cau chuyen "ngudi that viec thaf. Trudng hgp em Dd thi H.B. sinh vien tdt nghiep ndm 2009 he chinh quy mot trudng dai bgc tai Ha Ngi. Em H.B. ngudi da dugc tdi giup da tieng Anh dung 2 budi ruai trudc kbi di thi tuyen cdng chuc nha nude vao mot bg ed ten tudi trong ndm 2009. Phan tieng Anh, em da dd a khoa trong cuoc thi do mot bgi ddng tieng Anh cd uy tin kiem tra. Em chi dimg sau mot sinh vien da timg hgc d Anh hai ndm. Em H.B. da van dyng tuyet vdi nhiing "chieu" tdi giup. Dd la dac biet chu y den kl ndng ndi nhu: phat am chuan, co trong am, ngir dieu, khong bo nhirng am cuoi va phai noi theo each ciia ngvoi ban ngir (Xin luu y them em H.B. khi bgc dai hgc. mdn ngoai ngtr ehinh cua em khdng phai la tieng Anh ma la tieng Nga, tieng Anh em ehi hgc hdi a trudng phd thdng! Sau ndy tdi duge biet them vai thang sau, em da duge bg mdi tuyen em cho di tu nghiep d Australia). Tat nhien, day la mot sy trung hgp dep vdi triet li cua tdi "Phiic chu lgc Ihdy" vi hdng phuc eua nha em H.B. qud Idn, cdn tdi la ngudi duge "hudng lgc". (Ban Bien tap ntian bai ngay 18-11-2010) . ieh cac sinh vien dang hgc tieng Anh, ke ea nhiing ai yeu thich mdn ngoai ngii nay. Dau tien ngudi hgc phai xac dinh that rd dgng CO hgc tieng Anh. Thdi dai ngay nay, hien nhien la neu sau. nam rdi, cd lan ddn khach nude ngoai tai san bay Ngi Bai, tdi van nhd den mot cau ndi cua mdt nhan vien hai quan chung ta hdi ngudi nude ngoai bang tieng Anh rat chuan va luu loat vdi gigng. nhieu trong khau tap ndi tieng Anh) . Vay cting xin mdi cac ban hay lam thu nhan vien hai quan tai san bay qudc te Ngi Bai de ndi gidi tieng Anh! Nhieu ngudi nude ngoai nhan xet khdng it sinh