         󰉐 󰉐                                               󰉐                                                                            󰉐                            󰉐                              󰉐                                   󰄨󰉐   󰄧󰉐           󰉐                                                               󰉐                   󰽯 󰽯 󰽯             󰓉󰽯      󰽯 󰃵󰽯 󰽯 󰉐󰇢󰉐󰉐 󰁔󰄦󰁔󰁔󰉐    󰁏󰉐    󰉐  󰅖󰉐    󰉐      󰁏󰁓󰉐 󰉐  󰁐󰉐             󰉐   󰕉󰧏󰽯󰓇󰞡󰽯󰞢󰍂󰧐󰱩󰓈󰞣󰧏󰽯      󰁏󰉐 󰁑󰉐 󰁒󰉐                          󰉐 󰉐 󰉐 󰁎󰉐 󰉐 󰄥󰉐 󰉐 󰉐   󰉐       󰉐 󰁍󰉐                󰓆󰽯 󰁋󰉐     󰁌󰉐                               󰉐 󰉐            󰅓󰉐  󰇳󰉐    󰇴󰅔󰉐  󰇵󰅕󰉐 󰽯 󰽯 󰽯 󰽯 󰽯 󰽯 󰽯    󰽯                                        󰓂󰽯                                                                                                                                                                                     󰍃 󰧍󰽯 󰍀󰓄󰞟 󰃴󰼃󰽯 󰧍󰽯  󰱦󰽯       󰱥 󰽯             󰕈 󰞠 󰱨 󰱧 󰓅󰍁 󰧎󰽯                            󰵶󰧍  󰽯                 󰱣󰱤 󰓃 󰌿󰽯 󰓅 󰞠󰽯          󰓁 󰽯    󰞞 󰹶󰽯                                                                                              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                                                                              󰢖󰽯              󰵴󰱠󰽯      󰧋󰱡󰞜󰵴󰱡󰵴󰞝󰧊󰽯 󰧊 󰓁󰽯                                                                                                                                                                                  󰱞󰽯                                                                                                                             󰽯                                    󰉐                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        󰧈󰵳󰽯  󰞙󰽯 󰽯 [...]... for the animal to subs i s t on very littl e food during a de s ert journey The original hom e of the camel wa s among the e astern ne igh­ bours of Pale s tine, the Midianites, the Amalekite s and 'all the peo­ ple of the Ea st' (Jg 7 12 ) A well-fed bea s t of burden c an carry up t o 250 kg This make s the de scr iption of the glory of the Je rus alem to come the more impre s sive ( Is 60 6) and. .. answers to all the problems of fauna and flora which the Bible trans­ l ate r fa c es , nevertheless, it shou l d go a long way in providing the indispensable b a ck gr ou nd information on the basis of w hi ch intelligent decision s can be made INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION A number of translators and scholars have indicated the need for other indexes in addition to the Index of English and Latin... is the degree of cultural proximity to the Biblical life and times For example, a translator in East Africa can often approxi­ mate the fauna and flora of the Scriptures quite closely, for there are so many animals and plants which are alike and so many cultural attitudes toward these which are similar One must, however, also reckon with the factor of degree of cultural i nsecurity possessed by the. .. on flora It has been especially useful to have in the p r epar a tion of this volume the c oll abor ation of the artists who h ave prepared the excellent illustrative drawings: Mr G W Smith for the section on fauna and Mrs U Lo l l e s gaard for the section on flora Thanks are due to Mrs J Sheffiel d and especially to Miss E d yth Banks for prepa ring the f i n a l form of the ing and verification of. .. james) Version of the Bible Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon• Biblisch- Historische s Handworterbuch * Hastings Dictionary of the Bible* Interpreter's Dict ionary of the Bible* Jerusalem Bible Koehler- Baumgartner Lexicon* LXX The Septuagint NT New Testament NEB OT OTTP RSV RV cf em Gk Hb kg New En glish Bible Old Testament Old Testament Translation Problems (Hulst)* Revised Standard Version of the Bible Revised... (little donkey), polos (colt or ass's foal), (beast of burden, ass) DESCRIPTION: The European ass of today cannot that of the Orient The domestic as ses of Europe be compared with are usually small, stubborn and malicious animals, often cons id ered s tu p i d In the East the ass de ve l ops into a beautiful, stately and lively animal The colour of the ass in the Middle East is usua lly reddish brown , which... view of the allusion to the creature's haunts in Is 2.20: on the day of the Lo rd the ido ls w ill be cas t forth to the bats, i.e into ruins and caves REFERENCES: Bear Lv 11.19; Dt 14.18; Is 2.20 Ursus s yriacus Hebrew: dobh DESCRIPTION: Greek: arko s The Syrian bear which to day may be found in the mountains of Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon is bro wn in colour and may reach a length of two metres and a... a weight of up to [ 8 ] 250 kilos Its fo o d cons ists of vegetables, roots, gras s, berries, fruits, nuts, ho ney and ants In cas e s of emergency it als o feeds on game, o xen, sh ee p or ho rses The bear may be dangerous to man if provoked or 'robbed of her cubs' (2 S 17.8) The bear and the lion are often mentioned to gether in the Bible (e g I S 1 7.37) as they are the two larges t and s tro... and H.W HollanJer Thanks are due to Paul C Clarke, Gloria Horowitz, �rrol F Rhode s , and Doro­ thy Ridgway for their part in editing and preparing the final form of the indexes Abbreviations BOOKS OF THE BIBLE Although not all of the 66 books of the Bible are referred to in this work, we list them in order here with their abbreviations: Gn Genesis Na Nahum Ex Exodus Hbk Habakkuk Lv Leviticus Zeph Zephaniah... n v 7, 'they put their c lothes on them , and he s a t on them ' , h a s made s o m e co m m entato rs ex plai n that Jesus wa s rid ing on each animal in turn On thi s s ee Zahn, who reads auton ins tead of the firs t auton: ' they put the i r c l othe s on i t (the a nimal ) and he sat on th em (t he c lo th e s )' Bat C h i ropt era He bre w: 'atal l eph DESCRIPTION: In th e Law of Moses the bat