[...]...P R E The first edition of the Textbook of Medical Physiology was written by Arthur C Guyton almost 50 years ago Unlike many major medical textbooks, which often have 20 or more authors, the first eight editions of the Textbook of Medical Physiology were written entirely by Dr Guyton with each new edition arriving on schedule for nearly 40 years Over the years, Dr Guyton’s textbook became widely used... Basic Principles of Gastrointestinal Absorption Anatomical Basis of Absorption Absorption in the Small Intestine Absorption of Water Absorption of Ions Absorption of Nutrients Absorption in the Large Intestine: Formation of Feces C H A P T E R 6 6 Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Disorders of Swallowing and of the Esophagus Disorders of the Stomach Peptic Ulcer Specific Causes of Peptic Ulcer... Organization of the Cell Physical Structure of the Cell Membranous Structures of the Cell Cytoplasm and Its Organelles Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nucleoli and Formation of Ribosomes Comparison of the Animal Cell with Precellular Forms of Life Functional Systems of the Cell Ingestion by the Cell—Endocytosis Digestion of Pinocytotic and Phagocytic Foreign Substances Inside the Cell— Function of the Lysosomes... 6 Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Physiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Fiber General Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Molecular Characteristics of the Contractile Filaments Effect of Amount of Actin and Myosin Filament Overlap on Tension Developed by the Contracting Muscle Relation of Velocity of Contraction to Load Energetics of Muscle Contraction... Alveoli Role of Hemoglobin in Oxygen Transport Reversible Combination of Oxygen with Hemoglobin Effect of Hemoglobin to “Buffer” the Tissue PO2 Factors That Shift the Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve—Their Importance for Oxygen Transport Metabolic Use of Oxygen by the Cells Transport of Oxygen in the Dissolved State Combination of Hemoglobin with Carbon Monoxide—Displacement of Oxygen Transport of Carbon... Refraction of Light Application of Refractive Principles to Lenses Focal Length of a Lens Formation of an Image by a Convex Lens Measurement of the Refractive Power of a Lens—“Diopter” Optics of the Eye The Eye as a Camera Mechanism of “Accommodation” 613 613 613 613 615 616 616 617 617 617 Pupillary Diameter Errors of Refraction Visual Acuity Determination of Distance of an Object from the Eye—“Depth... Functions Function of the Basal Ganglia in Executing Patterns of Motor Activity—The Putamen Circuit Role of the Basal Ganglia for Cognitive Control of Sequences of Motor Patterns— The Caudate Circuit Function of the Basal Ganglia to Change the Timing and to Scale the Intensity of Movements Functions of Specific Neurotransmitter Substances in the Basal Ganglial System Integration of the Many Parts of the Total... Endocrine Control Functions of the Hypothalamus Behavioral Functions of the Hypothalamus and Associated Limbic Structures “Reward” and “Punishment” Function of the Limbic System Importance of Reward or Punishment in Behavior Specific Functions of Other Parts of the Limbic System Functions of the Hippocampus Functions of the Amygdala Function of the Limbic Cortex C H A P T E R 5 9 States of Brain Activity—Sleep,... physiologic principles in language easily understood by students His main goal with each edition was to instruct students in physiology, not to impress his professional colleagues His writing style always maintained the tone of a teacher talking to his students I had the privilege of working closely with Dr Guyton for almost 30 years and the honor of helping him with the 9th and 10th editions For the 11th edition,... Tricolor Mechanism of Color Detection Color Blindness Neural Function of the Retina Neural Circuitry of the Retina Ganglion Cells and Optic Nerve Fibers Excitation of the Ganglion Cells C H A P T E R 5 1 The Eye: III Central Neurophysiology of Vision Visual Pathways Function of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus Organization and Function of the Visual Cortex Layered Structure of the Primary . TEXTBOOK of Medical Physiology TEXTBOOK of Medical Physiology ELEVENTH EDITION Arthur C. Guyton, M.D. † Professor Emeritus Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Mississippi Medical. Mississippi PREFACE The first edition of the Textbook of Medical Phys- iology was written by Arthur C. Guyton almost 50 years ago. Unlike many major medical textbooks, which often have 20 or more authors,. understood by other teachers but not easily understood by the basic student of medical physiology.” 6 Through his Textbook of Medical Physiology, which is translated into 13 languages, he has probably