A Brief History of the Internet by Michael S. Hart March, 1995 [Etext #250] Copyright 1995 ******A Brief History of the Internet by Michael S. Hart******* *****This file should be named bhoti01.txt or bhoti01.zip****** Updated EDITIONS of this etext get a new NUMBER, bhoti02.txt The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish to do so. To be sure you have an up to date first edition [xxxxx10x.xxx] please check file sizes in the first week of the next month. Since our ftp program has a bug in it that scrambles the date [tried to fix and failed] a look at the file size will have to do, but we will try to see a new copy has at least one byte more or less. Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The fifty hours is one conservative estimate for how long it we take to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. This projected audience is one hundred million readers. If our value per text is nominally estimated at one dollar, then we produce 2 million dollars per hour this year we, will have to do four text files per month: thus upping our productivity from one million. The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext Files by the December 31, 2001. [10,000 x 100,000,000=Trillion] This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, which is 10% of the expected number of computer users by the end of the year 2001. We need your donations more than ever! All donations should be made to "Project Gutenberg/IBC", and are tax deductible to the extent allowable by law ("IBC" is Illinois Benedictine College). (Subscriptions to our paper newsletter go to IBC, too) For these and other matters, please mail to: Project Gutenberg P. O. Box 2782 Champaign, IL 61825 Internet: dircompg@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Bitnet: dircompg@uiucux1 CompuServe: >internet:dircompg@.ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Attmail: internet!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!dircompg When all other email fails try our Michael S. Hart, Executive Director: hart@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu (internet) hart@uiucvmd (bitnet) We would prefer to send you this information by email (Internet, Bitnet, Compuserve, ATTMAIL or MCImail). ****** If you have an FTP program (or emulator), please FTP directly to the Project Gutenberg archives: [Mac users, do NOT point and click. . .type] ftp mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu login: anonymous password: your@login cd etext/etext90 though etext/etext95 or cd etext/articles dir [to see files] get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files] get INDEX?00.GUT for a list of books and get NEW.GUT for general information and mget GUT* for newsletters. **Information prepared by the Project Gutenberg legal advisor** (Three Pages) ***START** SMALL PRINT! for COPYRIGHT PROTECTED ETEXTS *** TITLE AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Big Dummy's Guide To The Internet (C)1993, 1994 by the Electronic Frontier Foundation [EFF] This etext is distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart through the Project Gutenberg Association at Illinois Benedictine College (the "Project") under the Project's "Project Gutenberg" trademark and with the permission of the etext's copyright owner. LICENSE You can (and are encouraged!) to copy and distribute this Project Gutenberg-tm etext. Since, unlike many other of the Project's etexts, it is copyright protected, and since the materials and methods you use will effect the Project's reputation, your right to copy and distribute it is limited by the copyright laws and by the conditions of this "Small Print!" statement. [A] ALL COPIES: The Project permits you to distribute copies of this etext electronically or on any machine readable medium now known or hereafter discovered so long as you: (1) Honor the refund and replacement provisions of this "Small Print!" statement; and (2) Pay a royalty to the Project of 20% of the net profits you derive calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are payable to "Project Gutenberg Association / Illinois Benedictine College" within the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return. [B] EXACT AND MODIFIED COPIES: The copies you distribute must either be exact copies of this etext, including this Small Print statement, or can be in binary, compressed, mark- up, or proprietary form (including any form resulting from word processing or hypertext software), so long as *EITHER*: (1) The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and does *not* contain characters other than those intended by the author of the work, although tilde (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may be used to convey punctuation intended by the author, and additional characters may be used to indicate hypertext links; OR (2) The etext is readily convertible by the reader at no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent form by the program that displays the etext (as is the case, for instance, with most word processors); OR (3) You provide or agree to provide on request at no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the etext in plain ASCII. LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES This etext may contain a "Defect" in the form of incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other infringement, a defective or damaged disk, computer virus, or codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, the Project (and any other party you may receive this etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees, and YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that time to the person you received it from. If you received it on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement copy. If you received it electronically, such person may choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to receive it electronically. THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you may have other legal rights. INDEMNITY You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors, officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification, or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect. WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form. The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time, scanning machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty free copyright licenses, and whatever else you can think of. Money should be paid to "Project Gutenberg Association / Illinois Benedictine College". *SMALL PRINT! Ver.04.29.93 FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTED ETEXTS*END* A Brief History of the Internet The Bright Side: The Dark Side by Michael Hart with Max Fuller (C)1995, Released on March 8th. Chapter 00 Preface The Internet Conquers Space, Time, and Mass Production Michael Hart called it NeoMass Production [TM] in 1971 and published the U.S. Declaration of Independence on the and no one was listening or were they? ???careful!!!! If the governments, universities or colleges of the world wanted people to be educated, they certainly could have a copy of things like the Declaration of Independence where everyone could get an electronic copy. After all, it has been over 25 years since the Internet began as government funded projects among our universities, and only 24 years since the Declaration was posted, followed by the Bill of Rights, Constitution, the Bible, Shakespeare, etc. Why do more people get their electronic books from others than these institutions when they spend a TRILLION DOLLAR BUDGET EVERY YEAR pretending their goal is some universal form of education. This is the story of the Bright Side and Dark Side of the Internet. . .Bright Side first. The Facts: The Internet is a primitive version of the "Star Trek Communicator," the "Star Trek Transporter," and, also a primitive version of the "Star Trek Replicator." Communicator The Internet "let's" you talk to anyone on the Earth, as long as they, too, are on the Internet. Transporter The Internet "let's" you transport anything you would be able to get into your computer to any Netter. Replicator The Internet "let's" you replicate anything anyone is able to get into their computer, from "The Mona Lisa" [...]... fields of endeavor by making sure we "have to do it the hard way," simply because they did it the hard way There is no longer any reason to "do it the hard way" as you will see below, and on the Internet End of the Preface to "A Brief History of the Internet. " Chapter 0 Introduction Michael Hart is trying to change Human Nature He says Human Nature is all that is stopping the Internet from saving the. .. in the same year the Internet was born This is item #250, and we hope it will save the Internet, and the world .and not be a futile, quixotic effort Let's face it, a country with an Adult Illiteracy Rate of 47% is not nearly as likely to develop a cure for AIDS as a country with an Adult Literacy Rate of 99% However, Michael Hart says the Internet has changed a lot in the last year, and not in the. .. didn't take a whole lot of space, and the 200th Anniversary of the Revolution [of the United States against England] was coming up, and parchment replicas of all the Revolution's Documents were found nearly everywhere at the time The idea of putting the Complete Works of Shakespeare, the Bible, the Q'uran, and more on the Net was still pure Science Fiction to any but Mr Hart at the time For the first... the storage, transmission, and copying of the library of information a whole planet of human beings would generate These ideas were remarkably ahead of their time, as attested to by an Independent Plans of Study Degree in the subject of Human Machine Interfaces from the University of Illinois, 1973 This degree, and the publications of the first few Etexts [Electronic Texts] on the Internet, began the. .. received a message saying the Etext for everyone concept was a good idea That watershed event caused a ripple effect With others finally interested in Etext, a "Mass Marketing Approach," and such it was, was finally appropriate, and the release of Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan signalled beginnings of a widespread production and consumption of Etexts In Appendix A you will find a listing of these 250,... by being able to consult a dictionary, an encyclopedia, thesaurus or other reference book, a newspaper or magazine library of vast proportions, or a library of a thousand books of the greatest works of all history without even having to get up and go to the bookcase Think of the simple increase in education just because a person can and will look up more information, judgements become sharper and more... can be digitized and communicated to all of the people on the Earth, via computers [and the devices a person might need to make a PHYSICAL, rather than VIRTUAL copy of whatever it might be Think about what you have just read for a moment, please, EVERYTHING FOR EVERYONE as long as the Information Superhighway is not taken over by the INFORMATION RICH and denied access to others other than for a. .. forming a century or so before the Internet, in a similar response to the hard monopolistic pricing policies of the railroads which went transcontinental just 100 years before this Internet did I suggest you look up Grange in your encyclopedias, where one of them says: "The National Grange is the popular name of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, the oldest general farm organization in the United States... .formed largely through the efforts of Oliver Hudson Kelley, a Minnesota farmer who was deeply affected by the poverty and isolation of the farmers he saw will inspecting farm areas in the South for the U.S Department of Agriculture in 1866 In the 1870's the Grange was prominent in the broader Granger movement, which campaigned against extortionate charges by monopolistic railroads and warehouses and helped... rule the Internet? Will it be the Internet Aristocrats or an Internet Everyman? The difference is whether the teacher or scholar lording it over others is our example, or the teacher or scholar who teaches as well and as many as possible We SAY our people should have and must have universal education yet with test scores and literacy rates in a tailspin it can obvious that we have anything BUT a widest . investing their life, building a talent, an idea, or a physical manifestation of the life they have led. . .the destruction of this is far easier than the. the Internet, began the process the Internet now knows as Project Gutenberg, which has caught fire and spread to all areas of the Internet, and spawned