NGON NGtr sdii DQC SACH 2009 CAC PHlfdNG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U NGON NGf (Tac gia: GS.TS Nguyen Thi^n Gi6p, Nxb GD, 2009) LAN HirONG LM; Mpt trong nhthig vin dl then chot cua Ngon ngO hpc dgi cuong lfi vin dl cfic phuong phfip n^en cuu cua Ngdn ngQ hpc. Sy chilm uu thl cua mdt phuong phfip nfio dd trong mpt thdi kl ljch su nhit djnh cd thl quylt djnh dudng hudng phfit tiien chung ciia Ng&i ngQ hpc (chfing hgn, Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijch su, Phuong prfifip mieu tfi Ifi nhQng phuong phfip da cd vai trd nhu thl). Cfic phuong phfip nghien cihi cy thl cua cfic cong trinh ngdn ngG hpc lfi khfi da dgng. Chung thay ddi tiiy thupc vfio d$c tfnh ciia ddi tupng nghien cim, myc dfch nghien cuu vfi binh dign nghien cim dupe nhfi ngon ngQ hpc Ivra chpn. Moi ITnh vyc cua ngon ngQ diu cd thl cd nhQng phuang phfip d$c tiiu chuyen de nghien cim nd. Hign nay nhieu phuong phfip nghien cuu cua Ngon ngQ hpc van chua cd dupe mpt hg phuong phfip rd rang vfi nhQng cfin cu If tiiuylt day du, nen rit khd cd the mieu tfi dupe mpt cfich cjn kg cfic phuomg phfip khfi hOu cua Ngdn ngO hpc {Ngdn ngu hpc dgi cuang, Tgp HI, Vign Hfin lam Khoa hpc Lien Xd). Tnsig tinh hinh nhu thl, vigc cho sinh vien vfi hpc vien cao hpc ciing nhu cfic nghien cim sinh lfim quen vdi nhthig d$c dilm cua mpt so phuong phfip nghien cim ngdn ngQ vfi kT thu^t fip dyng nhOng phuang phfip iy lfi hit sue quan trpng. M9t khfic, trong cfic khofi lugn tdt nghigp, lu^in vfin cao hpc vfi lu^in fin tiin sT hign nay, cd thl ndi khau ylu nhat chinh Ifi phuong phfip nghien cuu. Cd nhilu ngudi vilt lu^in vfin, Iu|n fin, trong phin phuang phdp nghien ciru da tuyen bd su dyng phuong phfip nfiy phuang phfip kia, song tren thvrc tl, hp chira hilu nhthig phuong phfip ay Ifi nhu thl nfio, hudng chi cdn ndi gl din vigc vgn dyng! Vfi ngudi dpc ciing chfing thiy nhthig phuong phfip mfi cfic tfic gifi lu|n vfin, lugn fin iy tuyen bd su dyng da dupe fip dyng d cho nfio cfi. Thgm chf cd khfi nhilu lu^n vfin hay lu4n fin nghien cuu cfic dl tfii thupc nhtimg ITnh vyc khfic nhau ciia ngon ngQ hpc mfi 1^ deu neu fip dyng phuong phfip nghien cuu nhu nhau, dd lfi chua kl nhthig cfii dupe neu khong phfii Ifi phuong phfip mfi chi Ifi tiiu phfip nghien cuu, ching hgn, Phuang phdp phdn logi vd hi thong hod, ho$c Phuang phdp md hlnh hod, Chiing toi rit tfin ddng vdi y kiln mfi GS Nguyen Due Dan dfi neu vfi dupe tfic gifi cong trinh nfiy tiich Igi d ti 123-124: "M$t bfing chung vl tri tiiuc tofin hpc d cfic nhfi ngdn ngQ hpc cua chung ta hign nay dupe tiiu gpn tix)ng 4 phgp tinh sd hpc tiidng tiiudng. Cong cy Ifim vigc chi cd till nhung hiu nhu edng trinh nfio cd dfnh dfing tdi khfio sfit ngdn ngQ trong hogt Cdc phuong phdp 79 dpng thvrc tl cung diu tuyen bd Ifi sQ dyng phuong phfip thdng kg. Trong tuygt dgi da sd cfic trudng hpp, thdng ke dupe hilu lfi ligt ke vfi cfii gpi lfi xu If sd ligu vl thyc chit chi lfi ung dvmg 4 phgp tlnh sd hpc dl tim ti lg phin tram, cfic gifi tii trung binh Chua kl la cfic sd ligu dupe thu th|p va dien giai mpt cfich tiiy tign khdng theo mpt phuong phap khoa hpc nfio cfi. Kit CVJC Ifi sd ligu khdng giup fch gl nhieu vl ddi tupng dupe khfio sfit". Trong sy nghigp cai each gifio dye hign nay, van de phuong phfip lfi hit sue quan trpng. Dung nhu nh^ thuc ciia tfic gifi edng tiinh nfiy da neu; "Chung ta khong thl bien sinh vien thfinh mpt kho chira cfic tii thuc mfi phfii t^o dilu kign dl cfic em cung lfi ngudi tham gia tgo ra tii tiiiic" (ti 10). Vin dl nfiy cfing cd y nghTa cip bfich trong tiidi gian hign nay khi mfi Trudng dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi vfi Nhan vfin, Dgi hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi dang tiin hanh cai each gifio dye, yeu cau gifio vien tfing cudng gifing dgy phuang phfip cho sinh vien. Trong chuang trinh dfio t^o sau dgi hpc ciia Khoa Ngdn ngG hpc, Trudng dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan vfin, Dgi hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi da cd mpt hg tiidng 5 chuyen de vl cfic phuang phfip nghien ciiu ngdn ngG hpc mfi cfic giao trinh vl chimg thl chua cd. Day la cong trinh diu tien trinh bfiy mpt cfich khfi cd dpng vfi cd hg thdng nhGng phuong phfip nghien ciiu chu chdt tiong ngdn ngG hpc, cho nen ehfic chfin lfi nd het siic can tfiilt vfi sg dupe hoan n^enh Cd thl ndi day la edng trinh cd y nghTa li Ii4n va thvrc tien cao. Nd khdng chl dgy cho sinh vien, cfic hpc vien cao hpc vfi nghien ciiru sinh hilu rd rfing hon bfin chat va npi dung cting nhu cfich fip dyng timg phuong phfip nghien cihi vfio cong tiinh rieng cua minh cho tiifch hpp vdi de tfii sao cho cd higu qufi nhit mfi nd cdn ^isp ich cho cfi cfic nhfi nghign ciru ngdn ngG hpc da cd tham nien trong nghe. Rd rang chuyen lugn nay sg gdp phan nang cao chat lupng ciia cfic edng trinh nghien cuu ngon ngG hpc d nude ta. Phuang phfip dupe dimg trong edng trinh nfiy la phuang phfip dien giang theo ldi dien djch. Ddi vdi mdi phuang phap nghien cim, tac gia da giai thfch cfin kg va de hilu cac khai nigm co bfin cd lien quan. Dd la neu djnh nghTa, bfin chat cua phuang phap nghien cim vfi cfic thii phfip ciia nd, sau dd trinh bay cy the each fip dyng cfic thii phap, cd neu thf dy minh hog chii yeu bing tieng Vigt va cfi nhGng thi dy bing tieng nude ngofii do cfic nhfi ngdn ngG hpc the gidi ap dyng khi nghien cim trong cong trinh ciia minh. Do vgy, npi dung ciia cfic vin de dupe trinh bay khfi gifin dj va de tilp thu, nhat la ddi vdi sinh vien. Hai phuang phfip nghien ciru chinh cd vai trd quyet djnh khuynh hudng ngiiien cim ciia Ngdn ngG hpc da dupe trinh bay tiong cong tiinh nay la Phuang phdp miiu td \k Phuang phdp so sdnh. Ddi vdi Phuang phfip mieu ta, tic gia tiinh bay 3 vin de Idn lfi: 1) NhGng tiiii phap giai thich ben ngoai (bao gom: thii phfip xa hpi hpc, thu phfip trudng nghTa, thu phfip phan tich ngG canh, tiiu phfip phan bd); 2) NhGng tiiii phfip giai thfch ben trong (gdm: cfic thii phfip phan logi vfi hg thdng hofi, thii phfip phan tfch thfinh td tryc tiep, thii phap phan tfch vj tii - tiiam td, thu phfip phan tich nghTa td, tiiu phfip phan tich nguyen 80 Ngdn ngtt sft 11 nam 2009 tii ngQ nghla, thu phfip phfin tfch khdi tdi da); 3) NhQng tiiu ph^ 16 gfch hpc, tofin hpc vfi ngdn ngQ hpc tfim If (bao gdm: thu phfip 16 gfch hpc, thu phfip thdng kg tofin hpc, thu phfip v$n dyng khfii nigm t$p hpp trong miSu tfi ng6n ngQ, tiiu phfip v§n dyng khfii ni^m hfim trong mieu tfi ngdn ngQ, thu phfip v§n dyng cfic phgp tofin mgnh de trong mieu tfi ngdn ngQ, thu phfip ngdn ngQ hpc tfim If). Phuong phfip so sfinh dupe trinh bfiy vdi 3 npi dung chfnh img vdi 3 kieu logi lfi: I) Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijch su (vdi cfic npi dung: myc dfch vfi cfic thu phfip ciia nd, gdm: thu phfip xfic djnh sy ddng nhit vl ngudn gdc, thu phfip phyc nguyen hlnh thuc nguyen so, thu phfip xfic djnh nien dgi tuygt ddi vfi tuong ddi, thu phfip phfin tfch tQ nguyen); 2) Phuong phfip ljch su - so sfinh trinh bfiy myc dfch vfi nhChig thu phfip cua nd, gdm: thu phfip phyc nguyen ben trong, thu phfip nien d^ hofi, thu phfip ljch sQ ciu t^o tQ, thu phfip bilu dd phuong ngdn, cfic thu phfip gifii thich ve m$t vfin hofi vfi ljch su; 3) Wiuong phfip ddi chieu tiinh bfiy: myc dfch vfi cfic Idlu lo^i cQa nd, gdm: Phuomg phfip so sfinh - Io?ii hinh (vdi cfic nOi dung: Phuang phfip so sfinh - lo^i hinh vdi lo^ hlnh hpc; Phuomg phfip so sfinh - lo^i hlnh vdi phd ni^m ngdn ngQ; Phuang phfip so sfinh - lo^i hinh vdi ng&i ngG hpc khu vvrc), Phuong phfip so sfinh - ddi chilu (phuong phfip so sfinh - ddi chilu vdi vigc d^y - hpc ngogi ngG, djch thu^t vfi bien so^m tQ diin; Nhthig thu phfip ciia phirong phfip so sfinh - ddi chieu). . Cdc phieang phdp ngftien ciru ngon ngQ ciia GS Nguyen Thign Gifip cd thl dupe coi lfi gifio trinh co bfin, phyc vy edng tfic dfio t^o ve phuang phfip nghien cuu ngdn ngQ d bgc d^i hpc vfi d$c bigt Ifi sau d^i hpc. Tdi xin tran trpng gidi thigu gifio trinh nfiy cung cfic bgn sinh vien, hpc vien cao hpc vfi nghien cuu sinh ngfinh Ng6n ngQ hpc cimg ddng dfio bgn dpc! . vien. Trong chuang trinh dfio t^o sau dgi hpc ciia Khoa Ngdn ngG hpc, Trudng dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan vfin, Dgi hpc Qudc gia Ha . thu th|p va dien giai mpt cfich tiiy tign khdng theo mpt phuong phap khoa hpc nfio cfi. Kit CVJC Ifi sd ligu khdng giup fch gl nhieu vl ddi tupng