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Budget need not be a limitation: the real-world advice and experience from the author--plus a host of horror directors, producers, writers, cast, and crew--offer a variety of tips, short-cuts, and ideas for producing a quality movie on the cheap. It all starts with the story. You'll learn the storytelling elements that make a horror movie truly frightening to the audience, then master the process of making a horror film from concept to completion, avoiding the pitfalls along the way. This full-color, highly illustrated book also shows you the production techniques that add to the chill factor, including camera techniques, properly showcasing your star (the monster), creating atmosphere through music, adding tension through editing, and more. Distribution and marketing are covered in depth, so you can get your movie out there once you've made it.
lmmaker’s The Fi f the Dead Book o Popcorn Artwork by Dave Lange, Darkmatter Studios maker’s The Film the Dead Book of H o w to M a k e Yo u r O w n H e a r t- R a c i n g H o r r o r M o v i e Danny Draven AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK © 2010 ELSEVIER Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein) Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Draven, Danny The filmmaker’s book of the dead/Danny Draven p cm Horror films Production and direction I Title PN1995.9.H6D73 2010 791.43’6164 dc22 2009029535 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-240-81206-9 For information on all Focal Press publications visit our website at www.elsevierdirect.com 09 10 11 12 13 Printed in the United States of America Typeset by: diacriTech, Chennai, India Cover Artwork & Design by : Dave Lange Darkmatter Studios FOR MY MUSES JOSEPHINE & LUCAS This page intentionally left blank T A B L E OF C ON TE NTS FOREWORD by Charles Band ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi xiii PART ONE • THE HORROR GENRE Chapter The Mechanics of Monsters PART TWO • PREPRODUCTION Chapter Getting Started 27 Chapter Casting a Horror Film 53 Chapter The Horror Film Crew 73 Chapter Preproduction Tips & Tricks 85 PART THREE • PRODUCTION Chapter Producing a Horror Film 99 Chapter Directing a Horror Film 115 Chapter Cinematography of a Horror Film 133 Chapter War Stories & Advice from the Trenches 141 PART FOUR • POSTPRODUCTION Chapter 10 Editing Horror Films 157 Chapter 11 The Sound of Horror Films 171 Chapter 12 The Music of Horror Films 183 Chapter 13 CGI 199 Chapter 14 The Pitfalls of Postproduction 209 viii table of contents PART five • DISTRIBUTION and MARKETING Chapter 15 Distribution for Horror Films 223 Chapter 16 General Delivery Requirements 251 Chapter 17 Horror Film Festivals 265 Chapter 18 Self-Promotion & Marketing 277 Chapter 19 The Future of Horror 289 Index 295 Website contents for draven’s filmmaker’s book of the dead Website Extras Chapter Website Extras: Cryptz schedule Darkwalker shooting schedule Deathbed shooting schedule Ghost Month Production Schedule Production Agreement Sample Chapter Website Extras: Sample of non-union talent agreement Chapter Website Extras: Sample of non-union director’s contract Chapter 15 Website Extras: Listing of horror distributors Chapter 16 Website Extras: As produced sample Comprehensive CCSL Sample Comprehensive combined continuity sample Comprehensive dialogue list sample Comprehensive spotting list sample Simple CCSL sample table of contents Simple combined continuity sample Simple dialogue list sample Time as produced sample Music cue sheet sample Chapter 17 Website Extras: Listing of horror film festivals Chapter 18 Website Extras: Listing of horror conventions Listing of horror magazines Video Behind-the-Scenes Footage: Blood Dolls Castle Freak Cryptz Darkwalker Dead Hate the Living Demonic Toys Evil Bong Ghost Month Ghost Month: Origins Gingerdead Man Hell Asylum Lurking Fear Puppetmaster Horror Movie Trailers: BioSlime Cryptz Dangerous Worry Dolls Darkwalker Deathbed Demonic Toys ix 296 index biographies of cast and crew, 258, 267 The Birds (1963), 196 Black Hawk Down (2001), 194 Blade (1998), 110 Blair, Linda, The Blair Witch Project (1999), Blasini, Steven M (interview), 204–208 Blatty, William Peter, blocking, 118–119, 119, 135 blood (fake), 82 digital gore, 202, 207 sound design, 177 Blood Dolls (1999), 109 Blood Feast (1963), 287 blooper reel, 258 blue screens, 213 Blu-ray discs, 245 Bond, Timothy, 62 Bookwalter, J R (interview), 215–219 borrowing equipment, 91 breakdown, script, 33 breakdowns, casting, 53, 54 Bride of Frankenstein (1935), 17 Bridges, Jeff, 16 Bronson, Charles, 16 The Brotherhood (2001), 51 Brown, Mike, 87 Brown, Marlene, 87 Bubba Ho-Tep (2002), 79, 93 budgeting, 34–36 See also financing delivering on budget, 106–107 sample budget, 36 Buechler, John Carl, 112 Buffalo Bill (character), 161, 162 Buried Alive (2007), 80 Burr, Jeff, 93 business news (trades), 224 Buster and Billie (1973), 16 buy-backs, 35 Cabin Fever (2002), 12 The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (1920), callbacks, 55 camera direction, actors and, 58, 117–118 camera placement, 136 camera shoots, multiple, 136–137, 213–214 Cameron, James, 48, 93, 131, 291 campaigning See self-promotion Campbell, Bruce, 93, 199 Campbell, William, canned music, 188 Carpenter, John, 3, 79, 115, 136, 183, 187, 193 Carrie (1976), 163, 163 cars, shooting from, 145 cash on set, 36 Cassavetes, John, 18 cast See also crew beautiful actors, as sales tool, 233–234 biographies and filmographies, 258, 267 clothes contributions from, 91–92 commentary track, 257 communicating with, 117–118, 122 creative differences, 122 delivering list of, 260 ego, 146 fair rates, paying, 35 feeding See craft services funnel effect, 37 neo-Nazi extras, 148 tables and chairs for, 91 where actors look for jobs, 58 cast list, 267 casting, 53–61 auditioning, 53–55, 57–58 impact on sales, 233–234 monsters, 56–57 nudity and violence, 54, 60–61, 70–71 process of, 53–56 SAG actors, 60, 182 where actors look for jobs, 58 Casting Networks web site, 59 Castle Freak (1995), 125, 128 Castlevania (2011), 123 catering and craft services See craft services CCSL (combined continuity & spotting list), 259–260 The Cell (2000), 79 center cut master, 254 Centurion (2009), 139 certificate of liability insurance, 31 certificate of origin, 261 CGI and VFX, 199–203 blue and green screens, 213 interview with Steven M Blasini, 204–208 problems with plate shots, 213 terminology of, 201 work flow for, 200 chain of title, 261 chairs for cast and crew, 91 The Changeling (1980), 187 Chaplin, Charlie, 248 Chicago Hope (TV series), 79 Children of the Corn (1984), 79, 163, 163 index Children of the Night (1991), 292 children’s voices in music, 186–187 The Chill Factor (199), 150 choral music, 186–187 A Christmas Caper (2007), 194 CinemaScope format, 52 cinematography, 133–139 color correction, 138–139 focus problems, 212 horror film techniques, 135–136 insert shooting, 138 shooting multiple cameras, 136–137, 213–214 sunPATH software, 138 tips for working with, 134 Citizen Kane (1941), 197 Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV (2000), 246 Clarice Starling (character), 161, 162 Class of Nuke ‘Em High trilogy, 246, 247 classical literature, adaptations of, 14 Clouser, Charlie, 183 Cloverfield (2008), 293 Club Dread, 190 codecs (video) for postproduction, 168–169 Cohen, Rob, 93 Cold and Dark (2005), 139 Colichman, Paul, 49 color correction, 138–139, 159–160, 160 Color Me Blood Red (1966), 287 color photography, delivering, 258 colors for script revisions, 34 Colour from the Dark (2008), 69, 71 combined continuity & spotting list (CCSL), 259–260 Combs, Jeffrey, 274 commentary track, 257 communicating with actors, 117–118, 122 with cinematographers, 134 with composer, 185–186 creative differences, 122 with crew (as director), 120, 214 with editor, 160–161 networking at film festivals, 271–272 storyboards for, 121 with VFX artists, 200 composer, 158, 173 agreement with, for delivery, 260 communicating with, 185–186 work flow, 184–185 compositing (VFX), 201 computer-generated imagery See CGI and VFX concealment (cinematography technique), 135–136 contact information at film web site, 282 contracts composer agreement, 260 for film distribution, 240–241 nonunion director (download), 120 conventions and special events, 284 Coppola, Francis Ford, 8, 193 coproducers, 101 See also producers copy machine, 30 copyright registration, 261 copyright report, 261 Coraline (2009), 292, 293 Corman, Roger, 8, 48, 223 corporations, production companies as, 30 Coscarelli, Don, 93, 179, 180 Costner, Kevin, 246 costs See financing costume designers, 75 Cotton, 190 cover sheet (press kit), 267 craft services, 86, 91, 92 rats (story), 149 Craven, Wes, 8, 73, 80, 162 on Freddy Krueger (character), 14 creative differences, 122 creatures See monsters credibility of film festivals, 265–266 credit block, 258 credit statement, 260 credits, 214 delivery requirements, 252–253, 260 negotiating for final approval, 240 neo-Nazi extras, 148 “Produced by,” defining, 102–103 for songs, 188 title-safe areas, 214 Creepozoids (1987), 50 The Creeps (1997), 111 crew, 73–78 See also cast animals, working with, 144 biographies and filmographies, 258, 267 commentary track, 257 communicating with (as director), 120, 214 composer, 158, 173, 184, 185–186 creative differences, 122 editor, 158, 160–161 fair rates, paying, 35 feeding See craft services filming intimate scenes, 60–61 fire, working with, 144–145 focus puller, 212 297 298 index crew, (continued) free, notes on using, 77–78 funnel effect, 37 hiring tips, 75 location scouts, 86 middle management, 100 neo-Nazi extras, 148 re-recording mixer, 171–172 size of, determining, 73–75 tables and chairs for, 91 VFX artists, 200 web sites to post crew calls, 78 crew list, 260, 267 Crew Net web site, 78 Crimes of Passion (1984), 49 Cronenberg, David, 12, 12–13, 63, 128, 133 Cryptz (2002), 117, 118, 137, 290 crew for, 74, 77 sell sheet/sales ad, 228 cue sheet, music (download), 189, 260 cyborgs See also human hybrids D5-HD (Panasonic) format, 166 The Da Vinci Code (2006), 194, 195 DA88 masters, 254–256 Daddy Day Camp (2007), 194 Dagon (2001), 125 Dances with Wolves (1990), 79 Darkwalker (2003), 57, 148 merchandising, 283, 283 David Addison, Jr (character), 62 De Leon, Lunden, 143 De Niro, Robert, 246 The Dead Next Door (1985), 215, 216, 217, 219 Dead Silence (2007), 123 Dead-Alive (1992), 11 “Death and the Maiden”, 126 Death Sentence (2007), 123 Deathbed (2002), 5, 125, 130, 131, 131 artwork, 235 production meeting, 104 shooting location for, 88, 89 war of self on, 107 debt, 107 Decoteau, David (interview), 48 Deep Red (1975), 192, 193 delegating, 107 deleted scenes, 258 delivery being on time, 106–107 to composer, 184, 185 creating attractive product, 263 to editor, 158–159 lab costs, 263 negotiating on, 263 planning for, 223–225, 251 requirements for distribution, 251–263 to re-recording mixer, 172 for VFX artists, 200 Dementia 13 (1963), DeMille, Cecil B., 109 The Demolitionist (1995), 80 Demonic Toys (1992), 6, 112 demons and devils, 5–6 The Descent (2005), 139, 140 The Descent: Part (2009), 139 development, responsibility for, 102 devils See demons and devils The Devil’s Rejects (2005), 79, 183 dialog editing, 173 dialog lists, 259–260 Digital Betacam (Sony) format, 167, 253–254, 272 digital cameras, 29, 29 digital gore, 202, 207 digital makeup, 202, 203 digital matte paintings, 201 digital screeners, 242–243 digital vs film, 28–29, 52, 140 directing, 115–122 auditioning actors and, 57–58 blocking, 118–119, 119, 135 commentary track, 257 communicating with others See communicating creative differences, 122 multiple camera shoots, 136–137, 213–214 negotiating for final approval, 240 shooting from moving vehicles, 145 shot lists, 118–119 storyboards, 121, 122 traits of, 120 vision of director, 115–117, 122, 134 director’s statement (press kit), 267 disc media, 168 DISCOP East, 236 disease and plague, 12 distributing shooting scripts, 34 distribution, 223–245 contracts, 240–241 creating attractive product, 263 delivery, negotiating on, 263 delivery requirements, 251–263 film markets, 235–237, 238 index film rights, 239–240 future tech and small screen, 245 interview with Lloyd Kaufman, 245–250 list of distributors, 228 paths of, 225–227 piracy, 243–244 planning for, 223–225, 251 sales representation, 237–239 screeners, 241–243 selling a film, 231–235 documentation delivering, 259–262 press kits, 267–269, 282 Dog Soldiers (2002), 139 Doll Graveyard (2005), 234 Dolls (1987), 125 domain name for film web site, 282 D’Onofrio, Vincent, 246 Dooley, Jim (interview), 194–198 Dollman (1991), 109 Doomsday (2008), 139 double system sound, 210 downconverting, 252 downloads and software See also web sites (reference) behind-the-scenes videos, 257 CCSL and dialog list samples, 259 distribution technologies and formats, 245 horror distributors, 228 music cue sheet, 189, 260 nonunion director contract, 120 online submission to film festivals, 269 production agreement sample, 27–28 schedule samples, 48 for script writing, 23 sound FX libraries, 177–178 storyboarding, 121 sun position tracking, 138 talent agreement, 55 trades (business news), 224 VFX tools, 201 writing film scores, 192 Dr Alien (1989), 50 Dracula (1992), 193 Draven, Danny, 57, 94, 104, 105, 106, 130, 131, 134, 138 directing, 117, 119, 120 Draven, Jojo, 266 Dread (2009), 139 Duel (1971), 49 The Dukes of Hazzard, 190 DV CODECS codec, 169 DVCAM (Sony) format, 167–168, 272 DVCPRO HD (Panasonic) format, 166–167 DVCPRO25, DVCPRO50 (Panasonic) formats, 167 Eastwood, Clint, 68 editing, 157–169 communicating with editor, 160–161 communicating with VFX artists, 200 formats See entries at formats improper slating, 211 negotiating for final approval, 240 pacing and tone, 164 running time, 164–165 sound work, 173 See also sound techniques for, 161–164 temp music, 164 title-safe areas, 214 video codecs for postproduction, 168–169 work flow for, 157–160 editor, communicating with, 160–161 Edmond (2005), 125 ego, 122, 146 accolades, handling, 270–271 film festival results, 270–271 Electra, Carmen, 246 electronic press kits (EPKs), 267 Elf (2003), 195 email addresses for production, 30 email mailing lists, 281 Emil Breton (character), 18 emotional directions for composer, 185 end titles, 214 See also credits Englund, Robert, 93 interview, 16–18 entertainment attorneys See sales representation environmental sound, 212 EPKs (electronic press kits), 267 Equinox (1970), 11 equipment tips, 89–91 ER (TV series), 79 errors and omissions (E&O) insurance, 261 events, promoting at, 270, 284 See also film festivals; marketing; self-promotion Evil Bong (2006), 110, 234 Evil Bong II: King Bong (2009), 159 The Evil Dead (1981), 11 Evil Dead II (1987), 79 Evolution (2001), 79 executive producers, 100 See also producers The Exorcist (1973), 6, 151, 187 299 300 index exploitation of women, 70 extra features, 224, 256 extras See crew Facebook.com web site, 278 The Facts of Life (TV series), 61 The Faculty (1998), 79 fair rates, paying, 35 false expectation editing, 161–162 Fangoria magazine, 286, 291, 292 fax machine, 30 Fear Itself (TV series), 125 FeatNet.com web site, 279 festivals See film festivals fiction writing, Lovecraft on, 20–23 Field, Sally, 16 film budgeting for film stock, 35 shooting digital vs., 28–29, 52, 140 underexposed, 213 film festivals, 265–273 See also marketing accolades, handling, 270–271 credibility of, 265–266 early submissions, 266 interview with Andrea Beesley-Brown, 273–275 networking and schmoozing, 271–272 nightmares, 272–273 online submission, 269 press kits, 267–269 self-promotion, 270 film markets, 235–237, 238 film reviews, 284–285 film rights, 239–240 film title contract negotiations on, 240 importance of, 233 film web site, 281–282 filmographies of cast and crew, 258, 267 final mix (audio), 173 Financial Core stature, 182 financing, 27–28 See also budgeting delivering on budget, 106–107 free crew, using, 77–78 gas money, 142–143 having money in the bank, 35, 144 money problems, 144 production accounts, 30 sales representation, 238–239 using free locations, 85 Fincher, David, 81, 93 Findlay, Roberta, 69 Finley, William, 18 fire, working with, 144–145 first auditions, 53–55 first day of shooting, 37, 105–106 First Flight (2006), 194 Fischer, Jenna, 246 5.1 surround sound printmasters, 254–255, 255 flashcutting, 164 flat fees, 34 The Fly (1986), 12–13 focus problems, 212 foley, 173 Fonda, Henry, 16 food (craft services) See craft services Forbidden Planet (1956), 18 formats for distribution, 245 formats for shooting, 224 cheat sheet for, 165–166 file-based media, 168 film festival presentation, 272 HD See high definition (HD) formats SD See standard definition (SD) formats standard-definition (SD), 167–168, 224 Fortress (1993), 125 Foster, Jodie, 161, 162 4K data format, 166 Freddy Krueger (character), 14, 17, 187 free crew, 77–78 Friday the 13th film series, 150 Friday the 13th (1980), 68, 82, 287 Friday the 13th (2009), 113–114, 292 Friday the 13th: Part III (1982), 291 Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday (1993), 62, 65, 65 Friday the 13th: The Series (TV series), 61–62, 64, 65 Friday’s Curse See Friday the 13th: The Series (TV series) Friedkin, William, From Beyond (1986), 79, 125, 129 From Dusk Till Dawn (1996), 80, 150 Full Moon, 108, 110, 114 Full Moon Horror Road Show, 285 funnel effect, 37 future of horror, 289–291 future tech, 245 FX See CGI and VFX; cinematography; makeup gag reel, 258 garage as sound stage, 87 gas money leeches, 142–143 general delivery requirements, 251–263 documentation, 259–262 picture and sound items, 252–258 index publicity and advertising items, 258–259 quality control (QC), 262–263 general means, 35 Gere, Richard, 16 Ghost Month (2009), 135 artwork, 232–233 bootleg copies, 244 crew for, 74, 75, 76 delivery, 253, 256 digital makeup, 203 directing, 116, 116, 119 editing and color correction, 158, 159–160, 160 film festivals, 266, 268 final shooting schedule, 38–47 review quotes, 285 screeners, 242–243 script breakdown, 33 sell sheet/sales ad, 230 shooting from moving vehicles, 145 shooting location, 87, 87–88, 88 weather problems, 142 Ghost Ship (2002), 79 ghosts and the supernatural, 4–5 Ghosts of Mars (2001), 79 Ghoulies (1985), 112 Gigi Fast Elk, 179 girlfriends, 149 Gladiator (200), 194 The Godfather (1972), Going to Pieces (2006), 291 Goldblum, Jeff, 13 Goldsmith, Jerry, 187 Goldwyn, Sam, 133 Gordon, Stuart, 5–6, 104, 107, 112, 113 interview with, 125–131 gore digital, 202, 207 sounds of, 176 The Gore Gore Girls (1972), 287 GoreZone magazine, 286 Goyer, David S., 112 Graham, Billy, The Green Mile (1999), 79 green rooms, 86 green screens, 213 Gremlins (1984), 291 The Grim Rapper, 290 Grindhouse (2007), 150 Grizzly Rage (2007), 50 Groom Lake (2002), 93 Gunn, James, 246 301 Halloween (1978), 14, 136, 140, 183, 187, 193 Halloween (2007), 53, 54 Halloween II (1981), 187 Halmi, Robert, Sr., 49 handheld camera, 136 Hanger (2009), 70 Hannibal (2001), 194 Hannibal Lector (character), 151 Hard Candy (2005), 68 Hard Drive Recorders, 168 hard drive space, 169 Hargitay, Mariska, 112 Harlin, Renny, 112 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), 195 The Haunting (1963), 153 HD See high definition (HD) formats HDCAM (Sony) formats, 166, 253 HDV (Sony/JVC) format, 167 Head of the Family (1996), 109 Hell Asylum (2002), 86, 147 Hellraiser (1987), 176 Hercules (TV series), 79 Herrmann, Bernard, 187, 193, 196, 197 Herz, Michael, 245 The Hidden (1987), 79 Hideous! (1997), 109 high definition (HD) formats, 165–166, 166–167, 224 delivery requirements, 252–253, 257 film festival presentation, 272 quality control session, 262–263 The Hills Have Eyes II (2007), 139, 140 hiring actors, 55, 60 beautiful actors, as sales tool, 233–234 composer, 184 crew, 75 editor, 158 neo-Nazi extras, 148 re-recording mixer, 172 VFX artists, 200 His Name Was Jason (2009), 291 Hisss (2009), 81 Hitchcock, Alfred, 5, 99, 128, 130, 196 Hodder, Kane, 65, 65, 66 Hoffman, Dustin, 246 holidays, shooting on, 89 HollywoodEdge.com, 178 Home Media Expo (HME), 236 homemade equipment, 90 Hong Kong International Film & TV Market (FILMART), 236 302 index hook (sales), 234–235 Horror Business (2005), 291 horror conventions, 284 Horror Vision (2001), 244 HorrorHound magazine, 286 The Host (2006), 293 Hostel (2005), 79, 190 Hostel: Part II (2007), 190 hosting service for film web site, 282 House (2008), 133 House of 1000 Corpses (2003), 183 House of Usher (2008), 52 House on Haunted Hill (1999), 79 The Howling (1981), 82 Hsün-tzu, The Hulk (2003), 79 HULU.com web site, 280 human hybrids, 10, 12–13 See also vampires; werewolves and shape-shifters The Hunger (1983), 187 Hunt, Helen, 112 Hurd, Gale Anne, 49 hybrid humans, 10, 12–13 See also vampires; werewolves and shape-shifters Ice Spiders (2007), 205–206 illness See disease and plague IMBD.com web site, 278 In the Mouth of Madness (1994), 79 incorporating the production company, 30 The Independent Film & Television Movie Alliance, 249 independent horror genre, 71 inexperienced crew, 78 Infamous game, 194 Innocent Blood (1992), 133 insert shooting, 138 Inside (2007), 293 insurance, 32 insurance certificate, 31 Internet access for production staff, 30, 92 marketing over, 277–281 self-distribution on, 226–227 interviews Band, Charles, 108–114 Barr, Nathan, 189–193 Beesley-Brown, Andrea, 273–275 Blasini, Steven M., 204–208 Bookwalter, J R., 215–219 Decoteau, David, 48–52 Dooley, Jim, 194–198 Englund, Robert, 16–18 Gordon, Stuart, 125–131 Kaufman, Lloyd, 245–250 Kurtzman, Robert, 79–83 LeMay, John D., 61–66 Lewis, Herschell Gordon, 287–288 McCurdy, Sam, 139–140 Rochon, Debbie, 67–71 Timpone, Tony, 291–293 Wan, James, 123–124 Williams, Chuck, 93–94 intimate scenes, filming, 60–61 Intruder (1989), 112 sell sheet/sales ad, 229 Invaders from Mars (1986), 79 investors See executive producers The Invisible Chronicles (2009), 48 Irvin, Rick, 106 The Island of Dr Moreau (novel), 10 Jack Marshak (character), 63, 64 jack-of-all-trades, producer as, 104 Jackson, Peter, 6, 11, 246 Jackson, Samuel L., 246 Jaeger, Denny, 187 Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday (1993), 62, 65, 65 Jason Voorhees (character), 65, 65, 150, 151 Jaws (1975), 126, 136, 152 Jekyll and Hyde (stage drama), 62 Jim the World’s Greatest (1976), 179 Jingle All the Way (1996), 79 Judith Myers (character), 54 JVC HDV format, 167 JVC ProHD format, 167 Kamen, Michael, 183 Kaplan, Jonathan, 93 Karloff, Boris, 53 Kaufman, Lloyd, 71, 247 interview with, 245–250 recommended books, 250 Kenny & Company (1979), 180 Kilar, Wojciech, 193 Kill Bill Volumes and 2, 79 Killer Pad (2008), 93 killer POV shot, 136 killing style (of monsters), 14 index King, Adrienne, 273 King, Michael, 76, 135, 138 King, Stephen, 127, 289 King Arthur (2004), 194 King of the Ants (2003), 125 Kinski, Klaus, 18 Knocked Up (2007), 283 Knowles, Beyoncé, 194 Komeda, Krzysztof, 193 Kouf, Jim, 93 Kubrick, Stanley, 192 Kurtzman, Robert (interview), 79–83 lab costs, 263 laboratory access letter, 262 language, actors’, 118 Laserblast (1978), 110 The Last House on the Left (1972), 8, 292 laughter, 125–126 Laurie Strode (character), 54 Leatherface (character), 150, 151 Lechago, John, 203 Leeches! (2003), 52 legal considerations distribution contracts, 240–241 documentation for delivery, 259–262 film rights, 239–240 nonunion director contract (download), 120 piracy, 243–244 police, visits by, 143 preexisting music, using, 187 Leigh, Janet, 130 LeMay, John D (interview), 61–66 lens distortion, 136 The Leopard Man (1943), 153 Let the Right One In (2008), 293 letterboxed master, 254 Lewis, Herschell Gordon (interview), 287–288 liability insurance, certificate of, 31 libraries music, 187 sound, 177–178 library materials, for delivery, 260 lighting blue and green screens, 213 sunPATH software, 138 line producers, 101 See also producers line readings, 118 Little Mermaid 3: Ariel’s Beginning (2008), 194 303 living on set, 88 loading time, 35 location scouts, 86 locations for shooting, 85–88, 89, 94 checklist for, 86 locked cut, 158 locking scripts, 33 long ends, 35 long short ends, 35 looping, 173 Louis-Dreyfus, Julia, 112 Lovecraft, H P., 14, 27, 277 on writing weird fiction, 20–23 Lumenick, Lou, 246 Lumet, Sidney, 49 Lurkers (1988), 69 Lycaon of Arcadia (king), 10 Lynda (character, Halloween), 54 M&E printmasters, 255 Mad TV (TV series), 79 Madagascar (2005), 194 Madagascar: Escape Africa (2008), 194 madmen and serial killers, 7–8 magazines for film reviews, 286 Magee, Patrick, mailing lists, online, 281 makeup See also wardrobe digital, 202, 203 rooms for, 86 testing actor before hiring, 56 Man on Fire (2004), 195 Mansion of the Doomed (1976), 108 Manson, Marilyn, 183 Marché du Film at the Cannes Film Festival, 236 Marilyn Burns (character), 67 market research, 224 marketing See also self-promotion creating attractive product, 263 delivering publicity and advertising items, 258–259 film markets, 235–237, 238 press kits, 267–269, 282 producer responsibilities on, 103 markets for films, 235–237, 238 Marquardt, Bridget, 93 The Mars Underground (2007), 195 Martin (1977), 9–10 Martyrs (2008), 293 Marvin (2003), 110 304 index Master of Horror (TV series), 125 masters general delivery requirements, 252–258 preparing for, 160 quality control (QC), 262–263 May (2002), 17, 18 Mays, John, 138 McCoy, Andre “Chyna”, 117, 266 McCurdy, Sam (interview), 139–140 media coverage, 267 medium ends, 35 merchandising, 283 Meridian (1990), 110 Metacafe.com web site, 280 Metalstorm: The Destruction of Jared-Syn (1983), 108, 111 Michael Meyers (character), 3, 54 Micki Foster (character), 63, 64 middle management, 100 Miike, Takashi, 246 Mil Mascaras vs the Aztec Mummy (2007), 93 Milius, John, 16 Mindwarp (1992), 292 miniDV format, 168, 272 Minority Report (2002), 79 MIPCOM: International TV & Video Market, 237 MIPTV/MIPDOC, 236 Misery (1990), 79 The Missouri Breaks (1976), 17 misspellings in credits, 214 mixing sound, 158–159 communicating with re-recording mixer, 171 work flow for, 172–173 money issues See budgeting; financing money problems, 144 monsters, 3–19 actor ego (story), 146 adaptations of classical literature, 14 admiration of, 15 alcoholic vampire (story), 148 alien life-forms, 6–7 casting for, 56–57 defining, demons and devils, 5–6 disease, plague, and parasites, 12 ghosts and the supernatural, 4–5 human hybrids, 12–13 killing style and weapon recognition, 14 madmen and serial killers, 7–8 sound design for, 174–176 unseen, music for, 186 vampires, 9–10 werewolves and shape-shifters, 10–11 zombies and the undead, 11–12 Moonlighting (TV series), 62 Moore, Demi, 108, 112 mortality, reminders of, Mortensen, Viggo, 112 MOS audio, 210 Mother Nature, 141–142 Moviecam Compact camera, 74, 75 movie clips on web site, 282 moving vehicles, 145 MPAA rating certificate, 261 MPAA title registration, 261 Mulligan, Robert, 16 multiple camera shoots, 136–137, 213–214 music, 183–189 See also sound communicating with composer, 185–186 composer work flow, 184–185 cue sheet, 188–189, 260 interview with Jim Dooley, 194–198 interview with Nathan Barr, 189–193 songs, 188 stock music, 187–188 techniques for, 186–187 temp music, 164 music & effects (M&E) printmaster, 255 music delivery, 173 Muskatell, Tim, 147, 148 My Bloody Valentine 3-D (2009), 111, 291, 292 My Name Is Bruce (2007), 291 MySpace.com web site, 278 narcissistic monsters, 146 National Association of Television Program Executives (NATPE), 235 National Lampoon’s Animal House (1978), 246 Nebuchadnezzar (king), 10 negotiations with distributors, 263 for control and final approvals, 240 neighbors, 145–146 neo-Nazi extras, 148 networking at film festivals, 271–272 Newman, Eric, 190 news articles, for marketing purposes, 258 news coverage, 267 Nicotero, Greg, 79 Night of the Creeps (1986), 79 index Night of the Living Dead (1968), 11, 82, 130 Night of the Living Dead (1990), 150 Nightmare on Elm Street films, 14 A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), 17, 162, 162, 186–187, 287 nonunion director contract (download), 120 Norman Bates (character), 18 Nosferatu (1979), 18 NTSC format, 165, 252, 253–254 nudity, casting and, 54, 60–61, 70–71 numbering wardrobe items, 38, 92 Obsessed (2009), 194 office See production offices office supplies, 30 The Omen (1976), 186, 187 one-sheet artwork (press kit), 267 online film markets, 238 online mailing lists, 281 online press releases, 281 online submission, 269 online trailers (press kits), 268 onlining footage, 159 opening titles, 214 See also credits The Orphanage (2007), 293 The Others (2001), 183 Outer Limits (TV series), 79 Outhier, Craig, 274 owning equipment, 91 Ozone (1997), 215, 216, 217 P2 (Panasonic) format, 168 pacing and tone, 164 Page, Ellen, 68 PAL format, 165, 252, 253–254 Palmer, Betsy, 68 pan & scan master, 254 Panasonic D5-HD format, 166 Panasonic DVCPRO HD format, 166–167 Panasonic DVCPRO25, DVCPRO50 formats, 167 Panasonic P2 format, 168 Pan’s Labyrinth (2006), 293 Parasite (1982), 108, 111, 112 parasites, 12 Parker, Trey, 246 parking at shooting locations, 86 Penderecki, Krzysztof, 187 performance clause (distribution contracts), 241 Phantasm (1979), 179, 180, 180 305 Phantasm II (1988), 79 phones, production, 30 photocopying machine, 30 photography See artwork, for sales Picasso, Pablo, 248 Picket Fences (TV series), 79 picture items, delivering, 252–254 extra features, 257 trailer items, 256 piracy, 243–244 Piranna 3-D (2010), 291 Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), 194, 197 The Pit and the Pendulum (1991), 125, 127 pitch (sales hook), 234–235 plague See disease and plague planning, 85 See also preproduction for distribution and delivery, 223–225, 251 importance of prep days, 91 for music, 184 Play Misty for Me (1971), 68 Playing With Fire (2008), 48 Poe, Edgar Allan, 14 Polanski, Roman, 5–6, 128, 265 police, 143 Poltergeist (1982), 176, 250 Polymorph (1996), 215 Porky’s (1982), 246 porn stages as shooting locations, 88, 89 possession See demons and devils postproduction audio See music; sound directory of photography at, 135 editing See editing effects See CGI and VFX interview with J R Bookwalter, 215–219 pitfalls of, 209–214 planning for distribution, 225 producer responsibilities on, 103 quality control (QC), 262–263 submitting to festivals during, 266 video codecs for, 168–169 Poultrygeist: Night Of The Chicken Dead (2006), 246, 246, 247, 248 power (electric) at location, 86, 88 PowerProduction Software’s StoryBoard Artist Studio, 121 Precinct 13 Entertainment/Creature Corps, 79 Predator (1987), 79 preexisting music, using, 187 306 index premix, 173 prep days, importance of, 91 preparing script for shooting, 33–34 preproduction, 27–48 blocking plans, 119 budgeting tips and tricks, 34–36 casting See casting; hiring crew decisions See crew film vs digital, 28–29 financing, 27–28 planning for distribution and delivery, 223–225, 225, 251 producer responsibilities on, 102–103 production company, 30–32 scheduling example, 38–47 scheduling tips and tricks, 37–38 script preparation, 33–34 tips and tricks, 85–92 press kits, 267–269, 282 press releases, online, 281 Prince of Darkness (1987), 183 The Prince of Egypt (1998), 190 printmasters, 254 Prison (1998), 112 “Produced by” credit, defining, 102–103 producers commentary track, 257 responsibilities of, 102–103 role of, 100–102, 101, 104 traits of, 105 Producers Guild of America, 102–103 producer’s representatives See sales representation production, 99–107, 131 See also postproduction; preproduction being on time and budget, 106–107 cinematography See cinematography creative differences, 122 directing See directing first day, importance of, 105–106 planning for distribution, 225 responsibilities of producer, 102–103 role of producer, 100–102, 101, 104, 105 vision of producer, 104 war of self, 107 war stories and advice, 141–149 production accounts, 30 production agreement sample, 27–28 production company, 30–32 production insurance, 32 production notes and awards, 259, 267 production offices, 30 production responsibilities, defined, 103 production still photos (press kit), 267, 282 production war stories, 141–149 See also tips and tricks alcoholic vampire, 147 angry neighbors, 145–146 animals, working with, 144 fire, working with, 144–145 gas money leeches, 142–143 girlfriends, 149 leg accident, 147–148 money problems, 144 monster ego, 146 moving vehicles, 145 neo-Nazi extras, 148 police, 143 rats, 148 stalkers, 146 weather problems, 141–142 production web site, 30 ProductionHUB web site, 78 Professional Disc media, 168 ProHD (JVC) format, 167 promotion See marketing; self-promotion promotional screening, 284 Psycho (1960), 8, 18, 130, 187, 193, 197–198 publicity items, delivering, 258–259 Pulido, Brian, 273 Pulp Fiction (1994), 79 Pupp, 112 Puppet Master III: Toulon’s Revenge (1991), 51 Puppetmaster film series, 108, 111 pursuit, 163 push-in, zoom-out effect, 136 Pushing Daisies (TV series), 194, 197 pyrotechnics, 144–145 quality assurance of film, 35 quality control (QC), 262–263, 272 quality control (QC) report, 262 QuickTime movie deliveries, 158–159, 172 Rafelson, Bob, 16 The Rage (2007), 80 Raimi, Sam, 11, 79, 246 rain, problems with, 141–142 rain bar, homemade, 90 Rat Race (2001), 79 rating certificate (MPAA), 261 rats (story), 149 index raw footage, delivering to editor, 158 Re-Animator (1985), 79, 112, 113, 125, 128, 133 recan, 35 recommended downloads See downloads and software re-creating sound on sound stage, 173 Red 3D camera, 29 Red One digital camera, 29, 29 REDcode RAW codec, 169 rehearsals, 56 Remington Steele (TV series), 61 rendering (VFX), 201 rental outlets, self-distribution to, 226 renting house for shooting, 87 representation See sales representation re-recording mixing communicating with re-recording mixer, 171 work flow for, 172–173 Resa, Marina, 106 reserve money, 34 Reservoir Dogs (1992), 79 Resident Evil (2002), 183 Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), 183 restrooms at shooting locations, 86 retail copies, contracting for, 240 reviews, 284–285, 286 revising scripts, 34 Revver.com web site, 280 Reynolds, Burt, 16 Rice, Anne, 157 rights (film), 239–240 The Ring (2002), 194, 196 Robey, Louise, 63, 64 Robot Jox (1990), 125, 129 Rochon, Debbie (interview), 67–71 Rodriguez, Robert, 251 Romero, George, 9–10, 11 Rosemary’s Baby (1968), 5, 18, 186, 193 Rosenman, Leonard, 194 Roth, Eli, 12, 190, 246 rotoscoping, 201 Rubini, Michel, 187 Rue Morgue magazine, 286 running time, 164–165 Russell, Ken, 49 Ryan Dallion (character), 61–62, 63 SAG actors, 60, 182 See also cast; casting sales representation, 237–239 samples for download See downloads and software Sarandon, Susan, 16 Savage, Fred, 194 Savini, Tom, 150–153 Saw film series, 123, 183 Scar 3-D (2009), 291 scary merchandise, 283 scheduling delivering on time, 106–107 example (Ghost Month), 38–47 samples for (downloadable), 48 tips and tricks, 37–38 schmoozing at film festivals, 271–272 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 16 scores See music Scott, Ridley, 194 Scott, T J., 65 screen credit requirements, 260 screenings, promotional, 284 script clearance report, 262 script revisions, 34 script supervisors, 75 scripts breaking down for VFX, 200 pacing and tone, 164 preparing for production, 33–34 running time, 164 software for writing, 23 SD See standard definition (SD) formats search engine submission for film web site, 282 SECAM format, 165, 252 self, war of, 107 self-distribution, 226–227 self-financing, 27–28 self-promotion, 277–286 See also marketing at film festivals, 270 Internet marketing, 277–281 merchandising, 283 promotional screening, 284 web site for film, 281–282 sell sheet/sales ad examples, 228–230 selling a film, 231–235 what’s for sale, 239 serial killers See madmen and serial killers Serpico (1973), 49 Seth Brundle (character), 12–13 The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958), 18 Severed Ties (1992), 292 Sex Machine (character), 150 sexuality, 126 Sgt Kabukiman N.Y.P.D (1990), 246 307 308 index Shakespeare, William, 5, 248 Shane Williams (character), 54 shape-shifters See werewolves and shape-shifters Shatner, William, 93 Sheena: Queen of the Jungle (TV series), 150 The Shining (1980), 187, 192 Shivers (1975), 12 shock cut, 162–163 shooting formats See formats for shooting shooting locations, tips on, 85–88, 89 shooting schedule See scheduling shooting scripts, distributing, 34 short ends, 35 short form assignment, 261 shot counts for VFX, 200 shot lists, 118–119, 135 Shutter (2008), 190 The Sick House (2007), 139 sickness See disease and plague silence, 176 The Silence of the Lambs (1991), 66, 161–162, 162 The Simpsons (TV series), 150 Sisters (1973), 18 16 x anamorphic widescreen, 253–254 skateboard dolly, homemade, 90 skin reactions to standard makeup, 56 Skull Heads (2009), 159 Smith, Kevin, 246 smoking areas at shooting locations, 86 social networking sites, 278–280 SOCOM 3: U.S Navy Seals game, 194 software See downloads and software Sony Digital Betacam format, 167 Sony DVCAM format, 167–168 Sony HDCAM format, 166 Sony HDCAM formats, 253 Sony HDV format, 167 Sony Video Disk Unit, 168 Sony XDCAM HD format, 168 sore losers (film festivals), 270–271 Sorority Babes in the Slimeball Bowl-O-Rama (1988), 50 sound, 171–178 See also music bad camera audio, 209–211 commentary track, 257 communicating with re-recording mixer, 171 composer agreement and sync license, 260 delivery requirements, 253, 254–256 FX libraries, 177–178 garage as sound stage, 87 of gore, 177 mixing, 158–159 no room tone, 212 sound design techniques, 174–176 temp music, 164 sound associations (audience), 176 sound build, 173 SoundDogs.com, 178 Sound-Ideas.com, 178 Space Truckers (1996), 125 spatial relationships (sound design), 174 Spawn (1997), 79 special effects See CGI and VFX; cinematography; makeup special events, promoting at, 270, 284 Speed Racer (2008), 247 Spheeris, Penelope, 93 Spider-Man (2007), 195 Spiegel, Scott, 112 Spielberg, Stephen, 49, 79, 128 Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002), 194 spirit world See ghosts and the supernatural Splinter (2008), 293 split days, 37 split tracks masters, 256 splitting rights for maximum revenue, 240 spotting the film (re-recording), 172, 184 for VFX artists, 200 Spy Kids movies, 79 Squeeze Play! (1979), 246 stalkers, 147 standard definition (SD) formats, 165, 167–168, 224, 256 stereo audio configurations, 253 stereo printmasters, 254 Steven Freeman (character), 65 still photos, 267, 282 stingers (music), 187 stock music, 187–188 Stoker, Bram, 171 Stone, Matt, 246 Stone, Oliver, 246, 248 stories for marketing, 258 storing wardrobe, 92 StoryBoard Artist Studio, 121 storyboards, 121, 122, 128–129, 134 Straight into Darkness (2004), 93 Streisand, Barbra, 16 Strysik, John, 104, 130 Stuck (2007), 125 studio distribution, 227 subject matter, future of, 289 index submission to film festivals, 266, 269 Subspecies film series, 108, 111 sunPATH software, 138 super shorts, 35 supernatural creatures See ghosts and the supernatural; vampires; werewolves and shape-shifters surround sound printmasters, 254–255, 255 Suspiria (1977), 192, 193 sync license, 260 synopsis of film, 259, 267 table read, 55, 55–56 tables for cast and crew, 91 Tagger software, 33 talent agreement (download), 55 Tales from the Crapper (2004), 247 Tales from the Darkside (1984), 150 Tarantino, Quentin, 79, 80, 246, 248 A Taste of Blood (1967), 287 Taylor, Ali, 148 Tears of the Sun (2003), 194 technical information (press kits), 267 telephones, production, 30 The Telling (2009), 93 temp music, 164 Tempe Video, 215, 218 test screening, film festivals as, 273 The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974), 67, 150, 153, 287 text over action, 252–253 See also credits textless artwork, delivering, 258 13 Ghosts (2001), 79 30 Days of Night (2007), 17 35mm Movicam Compact camera, 74, 75 Thompson, J Lee, 16 3-D films, 111, 291, 292–293 thrift stores for wardrobe, 92 TIFFCOM: Marketplace for Film & TV in Asia, 237 The Time Machine (2002), 79 Timpone, Tony (interview), 291–293 tips and tricks budgeting, 34–36 cinematography, 134 film festival nightmares, 272–273 hard drive space, 169 hiring crew, 75 See also hiring postproduction pitfalls, 209–214 preproduction, 85–92 scheduling, 37–38 sound, 210 Titanic (1997), 131 title of film contract negotiations on, 240 importance of, 233 title opinion, 261 title registration (MPAA), 261 title report, 261 titles for film, 159 title-safe areas, 214 To, Shirley, 266 Tolo (character), 150 Tomei, Marisa, 246 Tommy Doyle (character), 54 tone and pacing, 164 Too Smooth (1998), 190 Toronto International Film Festival, 236 The Toxic Avenger (1984), 246, 247, 248, 249, 250 trades (business news), 224 trailers, 231 on film web site, 282 general delivery requirements, 256 for press kits, 268 Trancers film series, 113–114 Trancers (1985), 11, 108, 112 trends, 290 Troll (1986), 112 Troma Entertainment, 245 TromaDance Film Festival, 246, 250 Troma’s War (1988), 246 Tromeo & Juliet (1996), 246, 247, 249 True Blood (TV series), 190 Truffaut, Franỗois, 141 turnaround time for crew, 37 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954), 18 28 Days Later (2002), 293 Twilight (2008), 50, 292, 293 The Twilight Zone (TV series), 61, 197 Two Thousand Maniacs (1964), 287 2K data format, 166 2001 Maniacs (2005), 79 The Unborn (2009), 292 Unbreakable (2000), 79 uncompressed video data, 169 undead See zombies and the undead underexposed film, 213 Underworld: Rise of the Lycans (2003), 292 The Uninvited (2009), 292 unseen monster, music for, 186 309 310 index Urmel aus dem Eis (Impy’s Island) (2006), 194 U.S Navy Seals: Combined Assault game, 194 V (TV series), 16 vampires, 9–10 alcoholic, 147 Vampires (2002), 79 van Gogh, Vincent, 248 Vanilla Sky (2001), 79 vehicles, shooting from, 145 Vertigo (1958), 197–198 VFX artists, 200, 201 See also CGI and VFX VFZ artist, 159 video codecs for postproduction, 168–169 video items, delivering, 252–254 extra features, 257 trailer items, 256 video sharing sites, 280–281 VideoSpace magazine, 286 VideoSpace widget, 169 violence, casting and, 60–61 The Virgin Spring (1960), vision communicating with cinematographers, 134 creative differences, 122 of director, 115–117 director’s statement for press kit, 267 of producer, 104 visual effects See CGI and VFX VOD web sites, 227 voice mail for production, 30 voices in music, 186–187 Voodoo Academy (2000), 51 voyeurism (cinematography technique), 136 Waitress! (1982), 246 Wallace & Gromit in the Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005), 194 Wan, James (interview), 123–124 war of self, 107 war stories and advice See production war stories; tips and tricks wardrobe See also makeup hiding costume designers, 75 IDs for, 38, 92 rooms for, 86 tips and tricks, 91–92 watermark in screeners, 241 weapons, 14 weather backup plans, 37 weather problems, 141–142 Weaver, Sigourney, 67 web marketing, 277–281 web site for film, 281–282 web site for production, 30 web sites (reference) for actors looking for jobs, 58–59 film markets, 235–236, 238 horror distributors, 228 for Internet marketing, 277–281 for posting crew calls, 78 production, 103 self-distribution opportunities, 226–227 web sites (reference), on SAG actors, 60 weekends, shooting on, 89 Wells, H G., 10 Wenders, Wim, 49 werewolves and shape-shifters, 10–11 Wesley Rhoades (character), 54 West, Simon, 194 What About Brian (TV series), 194 When a Stranger Calls (2006), 194, 195, 197 widescreen master, 253–254 Wiggins, Chris, 63, 64 Wilkins, Rick, 187 Williams, Chuck, 57, 57, 106, 148, 283 interview with, 93–94 Willis, Bruce, 62 Winston, Stan, 108 Wishmaster (1997), 80 Witchouse (1999), 50, 215 Withoutabox.com, 269 The Wizard of Core (1970), 287 women, exploitation of, 70 workers’ compensation, 32 writing fiction, Lovecraft on, 20–23 Wyatt Earp (1994), 79 XDCAM HD (Sony) format, 168 Xena (TV series), 79 Young, Christopher, 194 The Young Racers (1963), YouTube.com web site, 280 Zimmer, Hans, 190, 196 Zodiac (2007), 81 Zombie, Rob, 53, 54, 183 zombies and the undead, 11–12 ... methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher... earings of the horror, (c) the b mode of manifestation—object embodying the horror and phenomena observed—, (d) the types of fear-reaction pertaining to the horror, and (e) the specific effects of the. .. at the same time we are repulsed by that other half Adding the parthuman factor to a monster helps the audience feel as if this, too, could happen to them, and it makes them empathetic It makes