Thông tin tài liệu
freedom from want
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
advancing human rights
sumner b. twiss, john kelsay, terry coonan, series editors
Breaking Silence: The Case That Changed the Face of Human Rights
richard alan white
For All Peoples and All Nations: The Ecumenical Church and Human Rights
john s. nurser
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food
george kent
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
freedom
from
want
The Human Right to Adequate Food
george kent
foreword by jean ziegler
georgetown university press washington, d.c.
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C.
© 2005 by Georgetown University Press.
all rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2005
This book is printed on acid-free, recycled paper meeting
the requirements of the American National Standard for
Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials and
that of the Green Press Initiative.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kent, George, 1939–
Freedom from want : the human right
to adequate food / George Kent.
p. cm. — (Advancing human rights series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 1-58901-055-8 (cloth : alk. paper) —
isbn 1-58901-056-6 (paper : alk. paper)
1. Food supply. 2. Hunger. 3. Human rights.
I. Title. II. Series.
hd9000.5.k376 2005
363.8—dc22
2004025023
Design and composition by Jeƒ Clark
at Wilsted & Taylor Publishing Services
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
Dedicated to the hundreds of millions of people who suƒer
because of what governments do, and fail to do.
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
Creo que el mundo es bello,
que la poesía es como el pan, de todos.
I believe the world is beautiful
and that poetry, like bread, is for everyone.
—martín espada
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
Contents
List of Tables and Figures xiii
Foreword by Jean Ziegler xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction: Taking Rights Seriously 1
part i
π
foundations
chapter 1Food and Nutrition 7
Malnutrition 7
Causes of Malnutrition 9
Growth Measurement 12
Numbers of Malnourished People 14
Malnutrition and Mortality 15
Comparative Mortality 17
Food and Nutrition Security 21
Varieties of Government Action 23
chapter 2 The International Human Rights System 25
Historical Foundations 25
International Humanitarian Law 26
The International Bill of Human Rights 28
Children’s Rights 32
Regional Human Rights Agreements 33
Human Rights Agencies 34
United Nations Charter Bodies 37
United Nations Treaty Bodies 40
Civil Society Organizations 41
Informal Civil Society 42
chapter 3 Adequate Food Is a Human Right 45
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 45
Food in International Human Rights Law 47
Food in International Humanitarian Law 49
Global Declarations and Commitments 50
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
x
General Comment 12 54
The Special Rapporteur 56
The Voluntary Guidelines 58
part ii
π
human rights systems
chapter 4 Human Rights, Governance, and Law 63
Human Rights and Governance 63
Studying Human Rights in National Governance 66
The Role of National Law 70
Universal Human Rights and the Role of International Law 77
chapter 5 Rights and Entitlements 80
Definition 80
Moral versus Legal Rights 81
Soft versus Hard Rights 83
Rights as Goals 85
Rights Imply Entitlements 91
Determining Local Entitlements 94
Having versus Realizing Rights 96
chapter 6 Obligations and Commitments 98
Moral Responsibilities 98
When Do Governments Do Human Rights Work? 101
Levels of Government Obligation 103
Economic Rights 110
The Obligation of Good Governance 113
Obligations of Nonstate Actors 116
Questionable Charity 120
chapter 7Accountability Mechanisms 126
Varieties of Accountability 126
Justiciability 129
Remedies for Rights Holders 132
National and Local Human Rights Agencies 134
Accountability through Public Action 137
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
xi
part iii
π
applications
chapter 8 India 143
The Supreme Court Case 144
Starvation Is Not the Problem 145
The Missing Piece in India’s Rights System 146
The Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Project 147
chapter 9 Brazil 151
chapter 10 The United States 156
chapter 11 Feeding Infants 163
Breast-Feeding Rights 164
Infants’ Human Right to Adequate Food 165
Principles 167
Women’s Right to Breast-Feed versus Infants’ Right to Be Breast-Fed 170
chapter 12 Feeding Infants of hiv-Positive Mothers 173
O~cial Guidance on hiv/aids and Infant Feeding 173
Issues 174
A Court Case 180
Informed Choice 182
Principles 185
chapter 13 Water
187
The Household Water Problem 187
Water Rights Are Diƒerent 189
General Comment 15 191
chapter 14 Trade 193
Issues 193
The Human Right to Adequate Food in Relation to Trade 196
Reconciling Diƒerent Frameworks 197
Food Sovereignty 199
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
xii
chapter 15 Refugees 201
Issues in Refugee Nutrition 201
Explanations and Justifications for Uneven Services 202
The Human Right to Adequate Food 205
The Adequacy Question 206
Specifying the Obligations 209
Limiting the Obligations 211
The Work Ahead 212
chapter 16 International Humanitarian Assistance 214
Issues 214
Rights to Assistance 217
The Provider’s Motivation 218
Implementation 219
chapter 17 Global Human Rights 221
Global Rights and Global Obligations 221
Global Accountability 224
Strategic Planning 225
Sources 233
References 237
Index 257
Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/freedom-want. Permissions beyond the scope of this license
may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press/rights/permissions.
[...]... The rights holders and their rights; b The duty bearers and their obligations corresponding to the rights of the rights holders; and c The agents of accountability, and the procedures through which they assure that the duty bearers meet their obligations to the rights holders The accountability mechanisms include, in particular, the remedies available to the rights holders themselves Freedom from Want: ... practical Human rights can make a diƒerence It is time to make the right to food a reality jean ziegler United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown /freedom- want Permissions... government of the United States results from a systematic and sustained misunderstanding of the meaning of the right to adequate food He also moves the human rights debate forward by challenging the view that human rights obligations stop at each country’s borders He argues that governments must recognize their human rights obligations not only to their own people but also to the citizens of other countries... with their own and their community’s well-being This book can be used to introduce human rights as a new and diƒerent approach to dealing with social issues At a deeper level, its purpose is to help expand the base of shared understandings of human rights in general and the human right to adequate food in particular Human rights work is, in part, the eƒort to reconcile diƒerences in understandings of the. .. the realization of human rights Freedom from Want: The Human Right to Adequate Food by George Kent xv is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Based on a work at http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown /freedom- want Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://press.georgetown.edu/georgetown/about-press /rights/ permissions... reports of the United Nations special rapporteur on the right to food (e.g., United Nations, Economic and Social Council 2003a, 2003b) listed in the references at the end of this book The chapter on food in the South African Human Rights Commission’s annual Economic and Social Rights Report provides accounts of the status of the human right to adequate food in that country (South African Human Rights Commission... of Human Rights; the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights; the Convention on the Rights of the Child; and several other international instruments States and the governments that represent them, and other parties as well, have obligations to ensure that the right is realized States that are parties to these agreements have made a commitment to ensure the realization of the right. .. countries and in the common fight against hunger, the right to adequate food entails responsibilities and obligations of all of us to all of us Kent’s important book is a part of a growing movement to construct a strong and coherent understanding of the right to food Taking us through the history and politics of the human right to adequate food, he urgently calls for a true rights- based approach to development... in the most important human rights document, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights The right to food reflects President Franklin Roosevelt’s declaration that freedom from want was one of the four fundamental freedoms that informed our original understanding of universal human rights George Kent’s new book outlines the. .. that others have specific obligations to assure the realization of this right It also implies the establishment of concrete institutional arrangements to ensure the realization of the right This book explores the meaning of the claim that adequate food is a human right People have a right to adequate food, and to be free from hunger, as a matter of international law The right is articulated in the Universal . have adequate food.
and this one:
Everyone has the right to adequate food.
The meaning of the human right to adequate food is to be found in the diƒer-
ence.
action.
The right to adequate food is a human right for all people everywhere. The
right to adequate food is laid out in the most important human rights
Ngày đăng: 14/03/2014, 21:20
Xem thêm: Freedom from Want - The Human Right to Adequate Food (Advancing Human Rights series) pptx, Freedom from Want - The Human Right to Adequate Food (Advancing Human Rights series) pptx