NHAN THUC CUA NGUOI DAN VEN DO VE NGHE NGHIEP VA CO HOI TIM KIEM VIEC LAM j'!|- La Thi Thu Thuy Vien Tdm Iv hoc. 1. Dat van c Qua trinh dd thi hoa da tic ddng den mgi mat ddi sdng: tG nhin thuc den cac vi'n dd kinh tl xa hgi den phong tuc tip quan, Idi sdng, phuong thuc lam an cua ngudi dan vung ven dd. Trong bii vidt nay, chung tdi xin lam rd mdt sd van dd lien quan den nhan thuc cua ngudi dan ven dd ve nghd nghiep va co hdi tim kidm viec lam trong qua trinh dd thi hoa. 2. Phuong phap va khach the nghien ciiu Phuang phdp nghien ciiu: Cic phuong phip chfnh dugc su dung trong nghien cuu niy: phuong phap dieu tra bing bang hdi, phuong phap phdng vi'n siu va phuong phip thio lu(in nhdm tap trung. Khdch the nghien cuu: Di tai dugc tidn hanh nghien cuu tren 314 hd gia dinh tai 3 khu vuc thugc dia ban Ha Ngi (xa Yen My - huyen Thanh Tri, xa My Dinh - huyen Tu Liem, phuong Yen Sd - quin Hoang Mai). 3. Ket qua nghien ciru Nhdn thiic ciia ngudi ddn ven dd ve nghdnghiep vd ca hoi tim kiem vice ldm v: Ban ve nhan thiic cua ngudi dan ven dd vd nghd nghiep va co hdi tim kidm viec lam, kdt qua khao sit cho thi'y, cd ba ludng quan niem khac nhau vd vi'n dd nay: mot sd cho ring dd thi hoa lam cho co hdi viec lam tdt len, mot sd khic lai cho ring vin nhu cu va sd cdn lai cho ring kem di. Tuy vay. nhGng danh gii ve khi nang dc dang kidm viec trong giai doan hien nay cd ve dugc nhieu ngudi din ddng tinh ho'n (bicu dd 1). 26 TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, Sdl (130). 1-2010 Bieu do 1: Nhdn thifc ciia ngifdi ddn ven dd ve' ca hot tim kidm viec ldm trong giai doan hien na\ Nhin vao bidu dd 1 chung ta thi'y ring: - Gin mgt nua sd ngudi tham gia khio sit cho ring dd thi hoi lam cho ngudi din cd nhidu co hdi tim kidm viec lam (43,9%). NhGng ngudi cd quan niem nay thudng ning ddng, dam nghi, dim lim. Didu dd nhin thi'y nhii khi phin tich nhdm ngudi niy chung tdi thi'y ring, dd li nbOng hd cd kinh td da nganh nghe (ngoai lam ndng nghiep hg cdn tham gia va kinh doanh, dich vu, budn ban va lam nghd phu). NhGng noi cd tdc dg dd thi hoa chim hon. - 29,0% sd ngudi cho ring co hgi viec lim vin nhu trudc kia, khdng cd gi thay ddi. Trong dd, phu nG cd quan niem nay chidm ty le cao hon nam gidi (62,6% nG va 37,4% nam). Didu nay cho thi'y, tinh ning dgng d ngudi phu nG trong qui trinh chuyen ddi tu ndng thdn sang thanh thi li chim hon so vdi nam gioi. - 27,1% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho ring ft tim kidm dugc co hdi vide lam. NhGng ngudi nay thudc nhdm nhGng ngudi da mii dii sin xuii, trinh dd van hoi thi'p va khdng thfch lao ddng chin tay. Nhan thiic ve ca hgi hoc tap ciia con Ngugc lai vdi nhan thuc vd nghd nghiep vi co hdi viec lam, nhin thuc cua ngudi din vd co hgi hgc hanh cua con lai khi quan hon. Kdt qui nghien ciiu da chi ra ring, hau hei sd ngudi dugc hdi (80,9%) ddu cho ring, qui trinh dd thi hoi lam cho co hdi hgc hanh cua con chiu dirge cii thien ding kd. TAPCHITAM LynOC Sd l (130). 1-2010 27 Bieu dd 2: Nhdn thifc cua ngifcn ddn ven dd ve ca hen hgc hdnh cho con trong giai dogn hien nay 90 80 - 70 - 60 - 50 - 40 • 30 - 20 - 10 - n - 80.9 15.0 .;' t 4.1 1 , ^ ^ , Tot len Nnif cu Giam dl Theo hg, qua trinh dd thi boa tao nhieu co hdi cho viec hgc hanh cua con tre: Trudc hei, khi chuydn ddi tu ndng thdn sang dd thi, cai dugc Idn nhat ddi vdi ngudi din la su diu tu ve co sd ha tang, trong dd cd sir dau tu vd xay dung trudng Idp. Hgc sinh dugc hgc tip trong mgt mdi trudng khang trang, sach dep, xiy dung kien cd hon trudc. Di kem vdi nd la trang thidt bi hgc tip cGng tdt hon trudc. Ben canh dd, yeu cau vd chii lugng giao vien cung dugc nang cao, vi vay sd lugng giio vien dugc dao tao bai ban cung ting hon. Hon nGa, nhin thuc cua cac bic phu buynh cung da cd nhidu thay ddi. Khdng gidng vdi trudc diy. viec bd hgc ciia hgc sinh ndng thdn dien ra phd bien thi hien nay cic bac cha me da khuyen khfch con hgc tip va tao dieu kien tdt nhii dd chim lo viec hgc tiip cua con. Ben canh dd, cac ci'p chfnh quyen doan the cung chim lo cho vice giao due the he tie. Khuyen khich kip thdi nhGng hgc sinh cd thanh tich hgc tap cao, ddn ddc dgng vien nhung em cd di'u hieu mud'n bd hgc Cic hdi khuye'n hgc, khuye'n tai cua dia phuong hay trong ddng hg cung dugc phat huy dd khuyen khich tre em hgc tap. Nhdn thiic ve ca hoi cua cd nhdn vd gia dinh trudc nhiing bien ddi xd hdi 28 TAPCHITAMLynOCSd 1 (130). 1-2010 Cd the ndi, hau hdt ngudi din ven dd ddu thi'y dugc co hdi cua bin thin trudc nhGng bien ddi xa hdi Idn lao. Hg cd tim the dd bidn nhin thuc thanh hanh dgng thuc td. 93,6% sd ngudi tri Idi ddng y vdi nhin dinh se chii dgng tim kidm viec lam phu hgp vdi khi ning va tiinh do cua minh. Vdi muc do ddng y khdng cao nhu nhin dinh trdn nhung cd de'n 84,4% so ngudi dugc hdi ddng y sin sang lam bai cu viec gi dd cd thu nhap. Bdng 3: Nhdn thifc ve ca hoi ciia bdn thdn ciia ngifdi ddn ven dd TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cac nhan dinh Chu dong tlm kiem viec lam phii hap vai kha nang. trinh dp cua minh Sin sang lam bat cu viec gl mi6n la co th^i nhap cho ban than va GD Co gang hoc mot ngh& nao do de' co viec lam on dinh Tap trung cong sue va ti6n bac lo cho con hoc hanh cang cao cang tot. de' chung co mot vi tri xa hoi nhat dinh. Co gang lo cho con hoc nghe gl do de chung CO viec lam co thu nhap Chi lam nhiJng cong viec co thu nhap cao DTB 3.80 3.41 3.41 3,84 3,84 2.38 Hoan loan dong V (%) 86.9 58.6 60.5 86.3 85.7 17.8 Dong y nhi^u hon (%) 6.7 25.8 17.5 11.1 13.1 23.2 Khong dong y nhieu hon {%) 5.4 13.4 15.6 2.5 1.3 37.6 Hoan loan khong dong y (%) 1.0 2.2 5.1 21.3 Phan Idn ngudi tri Idi cGng nhin thuc dugc vai trd cua giio due, cua hgc thuc vi trinh do trong bdi canh mdi nen deu nhii tri vdi kd hoach diu tu cho minh hoic cho con chiu minh dugc hgc hinh den noi den chdn. 97,4% se tip trung cdng sGc va tidn bac dd lo cho con hgc hanh cang cao, cing tdt dd chung cd mgt vi trf xa hgi nhii dinh; 98,8% cd ging lo cho con hgc mgt nghd gi do dd cd viec lam, cd thu nhap va cd 78% bin thin cd ging hgc mgt nghd gi dd dd cd viec lim dn dinh. Sd lieu cho chung ta thi'y ring, cic bic cha me khi nhin thuc dugc tam quan trgng cua trinh do, tay nghd thi ddu mong mud'n va sin sing dau tu cho thd he con chiu, hon la cho bin thin minh, die biet la nhGng ngudi d tudi trung nien trd len. Tuy nhien, cung cd khoing 40,1% sd ngudi duoc hdi cho ring chi lam nhGng viec cho thu nhap cao. Trong khi thu nhap ciia nhung hd dan d 3 dia bin didu tra ddu chua cao, viec lam chua dn dinh. mot bd phin phii chuydn dgi nghe nghiep trudc tinh trang thu hep dii dai sin xuat ndng nghiep thi nhan thuc nay la mgt thuc td dang suy nghi. Day la suy nghi tuo'ng ddi phd bidn d nhung ngudi tre tudi va die biet la d My Dinh, noi cd tdc dd dd thi hda cao nhii trong TAP CHI'TAMLy HOC, So 1 (130), 1-2010 29 miu didu tra cua chung tdi. Nd cho tha'y nhGng bai cap ve cdng tic giao due va dao tao y thuc lao ddng cho thanh thieu nien nhu mdt su thieu hut trong chuin bi vd mat tim ly cho tang ldp nay d nhGng khu vuc dd thi hda. Day cung la mdt thuc trang kha buc xuc ma nhung ngudi din cd trach nhiem d My Dinh da nhin nhan ra: thanh nien bay gid cam tha'y xa'u hd khi phai lam nhung cdng viec ma hg coi la tam thudng (la nhu'ng vide cho thu nhap thi'p va vai va) nhung lai than nhien khi lao vao cd bac, rugu va hudng thu nhGng gia tri vin hda xa la vdi ddi sdng ngudi lao ddng nhu mai dim va nghien hut. Nhu vay, danh gia chung ve nhin thuc cua ngudi din ven dd ve co hdi viec lam la chua thuc sir kha quan. Mdt nhdm ngudi cho ring co hdi viec lam khdng dugc nhu trudc, mdt so khac lai cho ring co hgi viec lam trudc va sau qua trinh dd thi hoa vin nhu the va sd lugng nhinh hon ddi chut thi cho ring co hdi viec lam cua ngudi din ven dd hien tai cd tang hon. Mac du vay, hg ddu nhin thuc dugc vai trd cua ci nhan minh trong bdi canh mdi, nhii la vai trd cua trinh do, kien thuc ddi vdi kha ning nam bit ca hdi mdi khi da dugc dd thi hda. Bai sau chung tdi se phin tfch nhung bien ddi nhan thuc cua ngudi dan ven dd trong qui trinh dd thi hoa. -• Chu thich Sd lieu trong bai viei nay dugc lay tu de tai cap Bd: "Nhiing bien ddi ca bdn ve mat tdm ly ciia cU ddn vung ven dd dd dugc dd thi hod"", nam 2007, do Vien Tam ly hoc chil tri, TS. Phan Thi Mai Huong lam chu nhiem. - • 30 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 1 (130), 1-2010 . an cua ngudi dan vung ven dd. Trong bii vidt nay, chung tdi xin lam rd mdt sd van dd lien quan den nhan thuc cua ngudi dan ven dd ve nghd nghiep va. ciru Nhdn thiic ciia ngudi ddn ven dd ve nghdnghiep vd ca hoi tim kiem vice ldm v: Ban ve nhan thiic cua ngudi dan ven dd vd nghd nghiep va co hdi