21 Chapter 2: Building Your SQL Server Microsoft strongly recommends the use of Windows authentication mode as a security best practice. Using this approach, you maintain a single set of accounts for both server and database access, and errors are much less likely to occur. You should use mixed authentication mode only if you have a specific requirement for it in your organization, such as an application that doesn’t support Windows authentication. Choosing service accounts During the installation process, you’ll be asked to choose service accounts for several SQL Server services. Every program in Windows must run using the permissions of an account; when you make this decision, you’re choosing the account(s) that will be used to run SQL Server and its components. For security reasons, I strongly recommend that you ask your domain admin- istrator to create dedicated domain accounts for the SQL Server Agent and SQL Server service accounts. These accounts should be configured with the minimum permissions necessary to run their respective services and should not be used for any other purpose. Selecting the collation Collations define how SQL Server stores and sorts data. They differ based upon the character set used in different parts of the world. Some common collations include: ߜ Latin1_General: collation for English and German ߜ Arabic collation for Arabic languages ߜ French: collation for French ߜ Modern_Spanish collation for Spanish SQL Server Setup will choose a default collation for you based upon the set- tings of the underlying Windows operating system. In general, you should not change this default unless one of the following situations exists: ߜ The database collation must support a different language than that of the underlying operating system. For example, you might have a server hosted in one country supporting a database server used by individuals in another country. ߜ The database server participates in a replication relationship with another server that uses a different collation. A replication relationship is when two servers are kept synchronized. (I discuss replication in more in Chapter 15.). In replication relationships, all servers must use the same collation. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2106_224656-ch02.indd 21 8/21/08 5:27:34 PM8/21/08 5:27:34 PM 22 Part I: Welcome to SQL Server 2008 Performing the installation After making decisions about the instance, authentication mode, service accounts, and collation (covered in the preceding sections), you’re ready to begin the SQL Server installation process. Here’s how to install SQL Server: 1. Insert the SQL Server DVD into your computer’s DVD drive. 2. Click OK to install prerequisites, if necessary. If your system doesn’t have updated versions of the Microsoft .NET Framework and Windows Installer, the SQL Server installation program will pop up a warning message asking you to install them before begin- ning the SQL Server setup process. You may need to answer some addi- tional questions regarding those installations before proceeding, and the system may require a reboot. 3. When the SQL Server Installation Center appears, click the Installation link. 4. Click the New SQL Server Stand-Alone Installation or Add Features to an Existing Installation link. SQL Server Setup performs a system configuration check to determine whether your system is ready for SQL Server 2008. 5. Click the OK button to close the Setup Support Rules screen. 6. Select the appropriate licensing mode on the Product Key screen and click the Next button to continue. If you have a license for SQL Server, you may enter your product key on this screen. If you don’t have a license, you may select a 180-day trial of Enterprise Edition or the free installation of Express Edition. 7. Select the I Accept the License Terms check box in the License Terms window and then click the Next button to continue. SQL Server Setup displays a list of installation prerequisites, if any are necessary. 8. If all checks pass, click the Next button to continue. If some prerequisites are missing, you must click the Install button to install them before you can continue. 9. In the Feature Selection window, select the check boxes next to the features you want to install. At a minimum, you probably want to install the Database Engine Services, Client Tools, and Books Online, as shown in Figure 2-1. 10. Click the Next button to continue. The Instance Configuration window appears, as shown in Figure 2-2. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2206_224656-ch02.indd 22 8/21/08 5:27:34 PM8/21/08 5:27:34 PM 23 Chapter 2: Building Your SQL Server Figure 2-1: Selecting your SQL Server features to install. Figure 2-2: The Instance Configur- ation window. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2306_224656-ch02.indd 23 8/21/08 5:27:34 PM8/21/08 5:27:34 PM 24 Part I: Welcome to SQL Server 2008 11. If you’re installing a named instance, select the Named Instance radio button and provide a name for the instance in the adjacent text box. If you are installing the server’s default instance, you do not need to change any settings on this screen. 12. Click the Next button to continue. 13. Review the Disk Usage Summary and click Next to continue. SQL Server shows you the disk space requirements for the features you selected. 14. In the appropriate text boxes, provide the username and password for the domain accounts that will be used to run each of the SQL Server services. When providing account credentials, you must use an account that already exists on the system. SQL Server won’t create an account for you. You may need to contact the system administrator for assistance. As noted earlier in the chapter, it is a best practice to use separate domain accounts for these services, as shown in Figure 2-3. Also, if you need to change the default collation, you may do so on this screen by clicking the Collation tab. 15. Click the Next button to continue. Figure 2-3: Setting SQL Server service accounts. 16. Click the Next button in the Database Engine Configuration window to accept the default Windows authentication mode. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2406_224656-ch02.indd 24 8/21/08 5:27:35 PM8/21/08 5:27:35 PM 25 Chapter 2: Building Your SQL Server You may also specify accounts that will serve as SQL Server administra- tors on this screen, as shown in Figure 2-4. At this point in the process, you may need to provide additional configu- ration details for any optional components that you chose to install. Figure 2-4: Configuring SQL server authenti- cation. 17. Click the Next button to advance past the Error and Usage Reporting window. 18. Click the Next button to advance past the Installation Rules window. 19. Click the Install button to begin SQL Server installation. 20. Review the status screen to determine whether installation completed successfully. 21. Click the Next button to review the release notes. 22. Click the Close button. Upgrading an Existing SQL Server Installation If you’re already running SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2005 on your system and want to upgrade to SQL Server 2008, you have several options. In this section, I explain the preliminary steps you should perform to ensure that you’re ready for the upgrade. Then I discuss your upgrade options. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2506_224656-ch02.indd 25 8/21/08 5:27:36 PM8/21/08 5:27:36 PM 26 Part I: Welcome to SQL Server 2008 Preparing for an upgrade with Upgrade Advisor SQL Server Upgrade Advisor is included on the SQL Server 2008 installation DVD. It provides you with an automated means to determine whether your SQL Server 2000 and SQL Server 2005 databases are ready for an upgrade to SQL Server 2008. Here’s how to install Upgrade Advisor: 1. Insert the SQL Server 2008 DVD into the computer. 2. Select Install SQL Server Upgrade Advisor from the SQL Server Installation Center screen. 3. Click the Next button when the Installation Wizard appears. 4. Select the I Accept the Terms in the License Agreement radio button and then click Next. 5. Click Next to accept the default name and company; then click Next again to accept the default features. 6. Click the Install button to install SQL Server Upgrade Advisor. 7. Click the Finish button when the installation completes. When you’ve completed the installation process, run Upgrade Advisor as follows: 1. From the Start menu, choose All Programs➪Microsoft SQL Server 2008➪SQL Server 2008 Upgrade Advisor. 2. When you see the Upgrade Advisor welcome screen, click the Launch Upgrade Advisor Analysis Wizard link. 3. Click the Next button to bypass the welcome screen. 4. Specify the server name in the appropriate text box and click the Detect button to automatically identify the service(s) for Upgrade Advisor to analyze (see Figure 2-5). You may manually override the automatically detected services by using the check boxes. 5. Click the Next button to continue. 6. On the Connection Parameters screen, select the instance you want Upgrade Advisor to analyze from the drop-down list. If the server you want to analyze does not use Windows authentication, you also need to select SQL Server authentication from the authentica- tion drop-down list and provide appropriate SQL Server credentials. 7. Click the Next button to continue. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2606_224656-ch02.indd 26 8/21/08 5:27:36 PM8/21/08 5:27:36 PM 27 Chapter 2: Building Your SQL Server Figure 2-5: Selecting the services to analyze. 8. Click the Next button to accept the default setting of analyzing all databases on the instance. 9. Review the Upgrade Advisor Settings and click the Run button to begin the analysis. This analysis may take several minutes or longer, depending upon the complexity of the database(s) analyzed. 10. When the analysis completes, click the Launch Report button to view the results. Review the report (a sample appears in Figure 2-6) and correct any issues before attempting an upgrade to SQL Server 2008. Upgrading Your Installation When you upgrade a SQL Server installation, you have two basic choices for a migration path: a side-by-side migration or a direct upgrade. Side-by-side migration In this approach, you build a SQL Server 2008 server and then transfer your databases to it one at a time. This approach is costly because it requires you to provision a second server, but it is the safest because it provides a fall- back plan. If your migration fails for any reason, you can simply revert to the older database and try again later. I strongly recommend that you use this approach whenever possible. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2706_224656-ch02.indd 27 8/21/08 5:27:36 PM8/21/08 5:27:36 PM 28 Part I: Welcome to SQL Server 2008 Figure 2-6: SQL Server Upgrade Advisor report. Direct upgrade If you do not have the resources available to perform a side-by-side migra- tion, you can directly upgrade a SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2005 database instance to SQL Server 2008. Performing a direct upgrade is dangerous and involves a significant risk of data loss. Be certain to back up your databases before attempting a direct upgrade. The process of performing a direct upgrade is very similar to installing a new SQL Server 2008 instance. For more information on performing a direct upgrade, consult SQL Server Books Online (the reference material included with SQL Server. Configuring Database Mail SQL Server’s Database Mail technology allows your applications to send e-mail messages. Most SQL Server instances require the use of Database Mail 06_224656-ch02.indd 2806_224656-ch02.indd 28 8/21/08 5:27:37 PM8/21/08 5:27:37 PM 29 Chapter 2: Building Your SQL Server functionality. SQL Server does not enable Database Mail by default, so you must configure it using the Database Mail Configuration Wizard. Do so by fol- lowing these steps: 1. From the Start menu, choose All Programs➪Microsoft SQL Server 2008➪SQL Server Management Studio. 2. If you are connecting to a SQL Server instance other than the default instance, select it from the Server Name drop-down list. 3. If you are not using Windows Authentication, select SQL Server Authentication from the Authentication drop-down list and provide the login name and password in the appropriate text boxes. 4. Click the Connect button. 5. Click the plus sign (+)to the left of the Management folder. 6. Right-click Database Mail and select Configure Database Mail from the pop-up menu. 7. Click the Next button to advance past the welcome screen. SQL Server displays the Select Configuration Task window, shown in Figure 2-7. Figure 2-7: Selecting the Database Mail con- figuration task. 06_224656-ch02.indd 2906_224656-ch02.indd 29 8/21/08 5:27:37 PM8/21/08 5:27:37 PM 30 Part I: Welcome to SQL Server 2008 8. Select Set up Database Mail by Performing the Following Tasks and click the Next button to continue. SQL Server warns you that Database Mail is not currently enabled by displaying the message shown in Figure 2-8. Figure 2-8: The Database Mail Not Enabled Message. 9. Click the Yes button to confirm that you would like to install Database Mail. The New Profile screen, shown in Figure 2-9, appears. 10. Provide a name and description for your Database Mail profile by typing them in the appropriate text boxes. Figure 2-9: Creating a New Database Mail profile. 06_224656-ch02.indd 3006_224656-ch02.indd 30 8/21/08 5:27:38 PM8/21/08 5:27:38 PM . to perform a side-by-side migra- tion, you can directly upgrade a SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2005 database instance to SQL Server 2008. Performing. PM 26 Part I: Welcome to SQL Server 2008 Preparing for an upgrade with Upgrade Advisor SQL Server Upgrade Advisor is included on the SQL Server 2008 installation