... to the advancement of modern molecular biology and new available equipments and techniques, and we begin to understand the molecular pathways and cellular interaction in the process of heart ... Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA11Xu Peng and Marc Antonyak (eds.), Cardiovascular Development: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 843, DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_2,© ... heart can be used to document beating hearts in vivo and to quantify cardiac functions in adult zebrafi sh. Here, we describe our methods for quantifying shortening fraction and heart rate in embryonic...