Constituent Structure - Part 9

... Haegeman 199 4 or Cowper 199 2). For a discussion of the formal properties of this relation (and how it is technically not a c-command relation, narrowly construed) see Barker and Pullum ( 199 0).15 ... these structures. c-command and government 65 This page intentionally left blank Part 2 Phrase Structure Grammars and X-bar Theory This page intentionally left blank 5 Capturing Constituent Structure: ... them), however, a must immedi- ately dominate x and y, which themselves dominate (potentially reXex- ively) the c-commander and the c-commandee. Note, however, that while c-command is frequently deWned...

Constituent Structure - Part 6

... and Meyer-Viol ( 199 3), Rogers ( 199 4, 199 8), Backofen, Rogers, and Vijay-Shanker ( 199 5),6 Kolb ( 199 9), and Palm ( 199 9).7 The axioms, while not universally adopted, provide a precise charac- terization ... Wall ( 197 2) and Partee, ter Meulen, and Wall ( 199 0) (and discussed at length in Huck 198 5, Higginbotham 198 2/ 198 5, and McCawley 198 2); more recent axiomizations can be found in Blevins ( 199 0),5 ... (9a) was appropriate.12 Gruber ( 196 7) was the Wrst to note the inaccuracy of (9a) for these approaches; the matter has been discussed at length in Richardson ( 198 2), Speas ( 199 0), Freidin ( 199 2:...

Constituent Structure - Part 7

... found in autosegmental phonology. See Goldsmith ( 197 6), McCarthy ( 197 9), Pulleyblank ( 198 3), Clements ( 198 5), Sagey ( 198 6, 198 8), and Hammond ( 198 8, 2005) for discussion. basic properties of trees ... axiomatically. This is the so-called non-tangling condition of Wall ( 197 2), which derives a basic assumption of Chomsky ( 197 5): there are no discontinuous constituents.30 A9. Non-tangling condition:(8wxyz ... terminals u, v. In Carnie (2006c), I informally present the non-tangling constraint as the no-crossing- branches constraint: (ii) No-crossing-branches constraint If one node X precedes another node...

Constituent Structure - Part 8

... relation in terms of other parts of the grammatical system: Kayne’s ( 198 4) unambiguous paths; Chametzky’s ( 199 6) complete factorization; and Epstein’s c-command-as-merge approach. We look at ... (2000) and Dowty ( 199 6) for discussion. 10 See also the related work of Kaneko ( 199 9). c-command and government 57 operation, and the dominance relationship represents the structure built from ... Pullum ( 199 0) attribute the name to G. N. Clements. c-command and government 51 The c-command relation is actually composed of two smaller rela- tions (which we will—somewhat counter-intuitively—deWne...

Constituent Structure - Part 10

... analyses. Postal ( 196 7) presents a defense of this claim, arguing that IC systems are all simply poorly formalized phrase structure grammars. Manaster- Ramer and Kac ( 199 0) and Borsley ( 199 6) claim that ... functions as a constituent of the same type. Wells ( 194 7) enriches Harris’s system by adding a notion of construc- tion—an idea we will return to in Chapter 9. Harwood ( 195 5) fore- shadows Chomsky’s ... Chomsky’s ( 195 7) formalization of phrase structure grammars. 5.2 Phrase structure grammars In his early unpublished work (the Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory (LSLT), later published in 197 5),...

Constituent Structure - Part 11

... as thecontext of the rule): context-sensitive phrase structure grammars (abbre-viated either as CSG or CS-PSG). The rule in ( 29) is a typical example:( 29) BAC! BaDCThis rule says that the ... GPSG: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (which, iron-ically, at least in its most recent incarnations is not a phrase structure grammar in anyrecognizable form at all), this arboreal-centric ... and C.The second kind of phrase structure rule (PSR) is the context-freephrase structure rule (the grammar containing such rules is abbrevi-ated either CFG or CF-PSG). These rules disallow reference...

Constituent Structure - Part 12

... constructions all involve some constituent (structure- changingtransformations, are, and which rules, respectively) that is displaced 96 phrase structure grammars and x-barfrom the place it would ... importantly, phrase structure rules con-tain implicit restrictions on which elements can combine with whatother elements (Heny 197 9). First, they make reference to (primitive)non-complex syntactic ... independent system which allows us to capture general-izations not available with simple PSRs. 92 phrase structure grammars and x-bar6Extended Phrase Structure Grammars6.1 IntroductionIn the last...

Constituent Structure - Part 13

... LFGLexical-Functional Grammar uses a similar semantic extension to the constituent structure (or c -structure as it is called in LFG): the f -structure, which is similar to the feature structures ... phrase structure rule, just as it ispossible to write a crazy transformation that will radically change the104 phrase structure grammars and x-bar structure of a tree. Head-Driven Phrase Structure ... the f -structure associated with the dominator. These metavariables are licensed inthe representation via annotations on the phrase structure rules as in(27). A metavariable-annotated c-structure...

Constituent Structure - Part 14

... a cross-categorial generaliza-tion. The treatment of such constructions was at the heart of theso-called Linguistics Wars (see Newmeyer 198 0, R. Harris 199 3, andHuck and Goldsmith 199 6 for ... ofsyntactic structure. One of the innovations of the 197 0s (see in particular JackendoV 197 7) was the realization that syntactic structure is signiWcantly morereWned than the PSGs of the 195 0s and 196 0s ... ("xcomp in ( 29) ) subject. This is similar to the meaningpostulates in (23).( 29) seem ("subj) ¼ ("xcomp subj)6.7.3 SummaryThe extensions to constituent structure/ phrase structure suggested...

Constituent Structure - Part 15

... excellent histories of the X-bar theory, see Stuurman ( 198 5), LeVel and Bouchard( 199 1), and Fukui (2001).x-bar theory 1 29 listed as phrasal, including the one in (29a), which is typically occupiedby ... andCrain ( 199 0).7.2.6 SummaryIn this section, we have surveyed some of the motivations for X-bartheory as well as one particular formulation of the X-bar schema itself.Phrase structure rules ... discussion of how this insight is retained in theminimalist non-X-bar-theoretic Bare Phrase Structure system.120 phrase structure grammars and x-bar(60) (a) XP ! (YP) X’ or XP ! X’ (YP)(b) X’ ! X’...

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Từ khóa: địa lý phong thủy tâp 11 part 9 toefl cbt book part 9 writing template book part 9 teaching academic esl writing part 9 963 bài essays mẫu part 9 Báo cáo thực tập tại nhà thuốc tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2018 Nghiên cứu vật liệu biến hóa (metamaterials) hấp thụ sóng điện tử ở vùng tần số THz Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôit Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôit Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôit Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôit ĐỒ ÁN NGHIÊN CỨU CÔNG NGHỆ KẾT NỐI VÔ TUYẾN CỰ LY XA, CÔNG SUẤT THẤP LPWAN ĐỒ ÁN NGHIÊN CỨU CÔNG NGHỆ KẾT NỐI VÔ TUYẾN CỰ LY XA, CÔNG SUẤT THẤP LPWAN Quản lý hoạt động học tập của học sinh theo hướng phát triển kỹ năng học tập hợp tác tại các trường phổ thông dân tộc bán trú huyện ba chẽ, tỉnh quảng ninh Nghiên cứu về mô hình thống kê học sâu và ứng dụng trong nhận dạng chữ viết tay hạn chế Nghiên cứu tổng hợp các oxit hỗn hợp kích thƣớc nanomet ce 0 75 zr0 25o2 , ce 0 5 zr0 5o2 và khảo sát hoạt tính quang xúc tác của chúng Định tội danh từ thực tiễn huyện Cần Giuộc, tỉnh Long An (Luận văn thạc sĩ)Thiết kế và chế tạo mô hình biến tần (inverter) cho máy điều hòa không khí Quản lý nợ xấu tại Agribank chi nhánh huyện Phù Yên, tỉnh Sơn La (Luận văn thạc sĩ)BT Tieng anh 6 UNIT 2 Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 15: Tiêu hóa ở động vật chuong 1 tong quan quan tri rui ro Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 14: Thực hành phát hiện hô hấp ở thực vật Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 14: Thực hành phát hiện hô hấp ở thực vật BÀI HOÀN CHỈNH TỔNG QUAN VỀ MẠNG XÃ HỘI