... political regimes: the impact of the shadow economy (SHADOW) 4.4a Structure of taxation and political regimes 4.4b Structure of taxation and political regimes 4.4c Structure of taxation and political ... variables, such as the level of GDP per worker, the openness of the economy, the level of debt and the share of agriculture, and with other socio-economic factors, such as the age of the population, ... 16 The political economy of taxation The volatility of the income will also affect the magnitude of the welfare state If the fluctuation of income increases (for example as a consequence of industrial...