... researchers have touched on Singapore Mandarin, and none about “ orh ” in particular The data used in this study is made up of 14 transcripts (120965 words) from the recordings of 20 Singaporeans’ ... daily conversations Within this first hand data, a total of 363 “ orh ” were found The paper uses Aijmer’s (2002) “bottom-up” approach in analyzing these “ orh ” “ orh ” in spoken Singapore Mandarin ... various positions The main analysis of the study is the functions of “ orh ” After looking at all examples found, it was shown that “ orh ” has a total of functions, namely: serves as a minimal...