... to as the ‘Scala Naturae’ or ‘Ladder of Nature’. is began with humans at the peak and animals and plants at various levels below according to their reasoning abilities.14 at said, there ... the sh of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creep-eth upon the earth.16Manuscript accounts of the natural ... on the Continent and were particularly popular in Germany and the Netherlands.64 Many of these almanacs were in a booklet form, while others appeared as broadsides, which were somewhat less...