a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
... help of others at NCSA, Mosaic was rewritten to run onWindows-based machines and Macintoshes as well as workstations. As a product of a government-funded laboratory, Mosaic was made availablefree ... was a suit filed in1 987 by Lotus against a company called Paperback Software, establishedby Adam Osborne of portable computer fame. Paperback was selling a spreadsheet that functioned identically ... widespreadadoption established a de facto standard for the C programminglanguage—that is, a standard C was defined as a language that theGNU C Compiler understood. And it was free. Ver y free.Stallman’s...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... commit-tee had to argue that the advantages of having a path for upwardmigration for 360-customers would overwhelm any advantages of a competitor’s shot at a particular model.At the highest end ... RCA, GeneralElectric, and NCR. (AT&T also manufactured computers, but as a regulated monopoly its figures are not comparable here.)2With the partial exception of Control Data, all the above ... opposite, advanced calcu-lation on small sets of data. In fact, however, along with a need forfloating-point arithmetic, scientists and engineers also needed to handlelarge data sets in applications...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
... CalculatingMachine,’’ Manchester Inaugural Conference, Manchester, England (July 1951):16– 18. Reprinted in Annals of the History of Computing 8 (April 1 986 ): 1 18 121. 18. This does add a layer ... (1 985 ): 75 89 ; alsoRobert Dorfman, ‘‘The Discovery of Linear Programming,’’ Annals of the History of Computing 6: 3 (1 984 ): 283 –295, and Mina Rees, ‘‘The Computing Program at3 58 Notes to Pages ... only a chip supplier.29. National Museum of American History, calculator collections. A Bowmar waseven mentioned in the hit Broadway play ‘‘Same Time Next Year,’’ which wasabout an accountant’s...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
... information-handlingmachines, played. Information or ‘‘intelligence’’ has been a crucialpart of all warfare, but as a means to an end. In the Cold War itbecame an end in itself. This was a war of code-breaking, ... Eckert and Mauchly designed and builtthe ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of ElectricalEngineering. The ENIAC was an electronic calculator that inauguratedthe era of digital ... results of theprevious step. What this meant was that the normal decks of cards thatran through a machine were reduced to ‘ a batch of one [card], whichwas awkward.’’ 18 In other words, with cables...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 2 pdf
... carried Computing Comes of Age, 1956–1964 71quality of ‘‘random access’’: that any piece of data was as accessible asany other, in contrast to the sequential retrieval of a datum from a deck of ... penetration of computing two decades later, inthe form of automatic teller machines, bar-coded products scanned atsupermarket and retail check-out stations, and massive financial andpersonal databases ... editorial hand of Santo (Sandi) Lanzarotta, and especiallyRobert Forest after 1963, Datamation developed a perfect balance:relentless criticism of IBM for its alleged heavy hand, tempered by a passion...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
... the Navy ordered Grace Murray Hopper to theComputation Lab to assist Howard Aiken with programming it.Hopper had been a professor of mathematics at Vassar College andhad taken leave to attend ... in chapter 7.Sorting DataRegardless of what level of programming language they used, allcommercial and many scientific installations had to contend with anactivity that was intimately related ... same program (with a few minor changes)ran on a UNIVAC II and an RCA 501. Whether COBOL was welldesigned and capable is still a matter of debate, however.Part of COBOL’s ancestry can be traced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 5 potx
... andeconomical way of using a computer. A key factor was the development of disk storage that offered rapidand direct access to large amounts of data. IBM had pioneered the use of disk storage with RAMAC ... played a crucial role by providing a market. The ‘‘advanced’’ Minuteman was a brand-new missile wrapped around an existing airframe. Autonetics, thedivision of North American Aviation that had ... a single printed circuit board about 15 inches square.This board was larger than what was standard at the time and made for a very compact package.In mid-1971 the company introduced an advanced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
... was writing BASIC for the Altair, Gates was at Harvard. Hedid not have access to an 80 80-based system, but he did have access to a PDP-10 at Harvard’s computing center (named after Howard Aiken).He ... from a company that madeoscilloscopes.By 1970 the first of a line of dramatically cheaper and smallercalculators appeared that used integrated circuits. 28 They were aboutthe size of a paperback ... continuousdiscussions of the advantages and drawbacks of each—the one machinehaving the ability to evaluate complex mathematical expressions withease, the other more primitive but potentially capable of doing all...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 7 potx
... formal andserious than those on Usenet, although they also had a wide range. Afterabout a decade and a half of parallel operations, all three of thesestreams blended into a community of news, ... A few programs were announced at thesame time: a ‘‘paint’’ (drawing) program, based on work done at Xerox-PARC on a Data General Nova, and a word processor that came close toWYSIWYG. A year ... poor quality software thatwasted more company time than it saved. The ‘‘personal’’ in the PCmeant also that a worker’s choices of software, based on personalsatisfaction, did not always mesh...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 10 potx
... 30Atomic Energy of Canada, 1 28 129AUTOCODE programming language,113Automatic Data Processing (ADP), 1 68 Automatic payrolls, 1 68 Automatic programming. SeeCompilersAutomatic teller machine ... 169NACA. See National AdvisoryCommittee for AeronauticsNAS. See National Advanced SystemsNASA (National Aeronautics andSpace Administration). See alsoNational Advisory Committee forAeronautics440 ... 1 48, 156, 249–250American Management Systems(AMS), 1 68 American Totalisator Company, 26Anderson, Harlan, 127Andreessen, Marc, 303APL (A Programming Language), 233,235, 2 48 Apollo Guidance...
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