... 231cerivastatin 88 , 205chance effect 299chelation therapy 127chi-square distribution 285 , 286 chi-square statistic 285 – 287 chromosomes 186 –191, 1 98 cimetidine 209cisapride 88 , 205class I recalls 82 classical ... 2 08, 209econometric 217effect modification 2 98, 299, 305effect-cause 295, 296effectiveness 31, 37–39, 43, 50, 77, 78, 81 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 90, 98, 101, 103, 105, 127, 136, 1 38, 140, 167, 180 , ... 226–2 28, 230, 231, 241, 290efficacy 7, 8, 31, 34, 37, 38, 46– 48, 52, 59, 66, 75–77, 79, 80 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 89 , 90, 98, 100–106, 1 08, 109, 115, 117, 119, 127–129, 131, 132, 134–136, 1 38, 139,...