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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 5 pdf

greening aid understanding the environmental impact of development assistance may 2008

greening aid understanding the environmental impact of development assistance may 2008

... concerns the effect of reducing dirty aid andincreasing environmental aid on the social development of the poorest states.There are many ‘lost’ countries that receive little aid of either type, ... likely environmental impact, rather than other positive or negative development impacts on the recipientcountry. The second guideline addresses the issue of multi-sector projects. Many development ... sources. The PLAID database covers the vast majority (perhaps over 90 per cent) of official commitments to development assistance projects 1970–2000.5For the purposes of this book, we define development...
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Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 1 pdf

Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 1 pdf

... of NOx emission [47]. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BIOFUELS Edited by Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes Environmental Impact of Biofuels 8 raising amount of feed stocks and bio ... sector in 19 98 totalled about US $ 14 .5 billion. Environmental Impact of Biofuels 10 Ethanol use has resulted in significant reductions in other air pollutants as well. Emission of toxic ... Environmental Impact of Biofuels, Edited by Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-479-5 Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Environmental Impacts of Production...
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Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 2 pdf

Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 2 pdf

... of Biofuels 22 0100 20 0300400500600700050001000015000 20 000 25 00019611963196519671969197119731975197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999 20 01 20 03 20 05 20 07USD ... [20 ] Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (20 05) Automobile Emissions: An overview, www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/subject/pubs/arr/aq/fs1 829 .pdf [21 ] Abt associates Inc (20 00) The Partculate ... of publications on the subject of biofuel (Turner et al., 20 08). 5 .2 Oil palm research since 20 07 Since 20 07 there have been another 1 722 new publications on oil palm featured in ISI Web of...
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Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 5 pdf

Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 5 pdf

... increasement of CO. % CO rpm Diesel Β10 Β20 Β30 Β40 50 1000 0,0 75 0,076 0,0 75 0,091 0,098 0,0 95 150 0 0,063 0,064 0,066 0,069 0,0 75 0,077 2000 0, 052 0, 057 0,062 0, 057 0,0 65 0,061 250 0 0, 057 0, 058 ... Emissions of Diesel - Vegetable Oils Mixtures 83 HC (ppm) rpm Diesel S5 S10 S20 S30 S40 S50 1000 31,78 21, 15 21,88 8,28 5, 76 54 ,61 28,01 150 0 38,00 24,30 51 , 65 9,16 5, 80 55 ,53 30,04 2000 ... Β40 50 1000 439,67 471,17 464,34 361 ,59 318, 85 320,47 150 0 649, 65 660,83 626,78 611,71 56 5,26 52 2,16 2000 710,41 688, 75 679,64 687,06 710,18 798,96 250 0 868,88 930 ,50 919 ,53 919,08 987, 35 947,80...
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Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 8 pdf

Environmental Impact of Biofuels Part 8 pdf

... sugarcane production in many parts of Brazil such as atrazine, carbofuran, endosulfan, fipronil, metribuzin, simazine and others. Environmental Impact of Biofuels 1 48 temporary in nature. ... Fig. 3. Possible social costs and benefits of the biobased economy Environmental Impact of Biofuels 140 because of increased cost of production of corn, in addition to its demand. Besides ... benefits of current biofuels have been raised. Actually, biofuels consume a significant amount of energy that is derived from fossil fuels. Equally important is the fact that production of biofuels...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 2 doc

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 2 doc

... 10 0-5 1-6 3-Methyl -2 - cyclohexen-1-ol C7H 12 O 1 12 x 21 37 8 -2 1 -2 trans -2 - Hepten-1-ol C7H14O 114 x 3346 7-7 6-4 Benzene ethanol C8H10O 122 x 6 0-1 2- 8 2- Ethyl-1-hexanol C8H18O 130 x 10 4-7 6-7 1-Octanol ... C3H6O 2 74 x 11 6-0 9-6 3-Buten -2 - one C4H6O 70 x 7 8-9 4-4 2- Butanone C4H8O 72 x 7 8-9 3-3 3-Hydroxy -2 - butanone C4H8O 2 88 x 51 3-8 6-0 4,4-Dimethyl -2 - oxetanone C5H8O 2 100 x 1 82 3-5 2- 5 3-Methyl -2 - butanone ... C 2 Cl6 23 9 x 6 7-7 2- 1 Trichloroethene C 2 HCl3131 x 7 9-0 1-6 1,1 ,2, 2-Tetrafluoroethane C 2 H 2 F41 02 x 35 9-3 5-3 1,1-Dichloroethene C 2 H 2 Cl 2 97 x 7 5-3 5-4 cis-1 , 2- Dichloroethene C 2 H 2 Cl 2 97...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 3 pps

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 3 pps

... to classifying the product into one of the following categories:high-, medium-, and low-risk products. Each stage of the procedure leadsto either an assessment of the risk (and therefore classification ... being the CEB test No. 95 method of the Commis-sion des essais biologiques (CEB) [ 13] .ã Assessment of the effects of application of the product outdoors undera wire meshed tunnel; the of cial ... remain,particularly in relation to the reliability of the tests requested and theirfeasibility. The assessment of the effects of plant protection products isbased on the calculation of the Hazard Quotient,...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 5 pdf

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 5 pdf

... to testing), the motivation of the bees to get food wouldnot overpass the fifth trial, the level of the CR then starting to decrease.Most often the level of CR reaches a maximum by the third trial. ... sublethal effects of chemicals on the memorization of the CS. Honey bees exposed to pyrethroids at the LC 50 exhibited maximum CR levels of 30 50 percent, while bees exposed onlyto acetone-treated filter ... response as a measure of the sub-lethal effects of chemicals on honey bees can be a reliable indicator of the hazards associated with the exposure to sublethal doses of toxic com-pounds, and consequently...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 6 pps

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 6 pps

... channel. Imidacloprid (IMI) {1–[ ( 6- chloro- 3- pyridinyl)methyl ]-4 ,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-amine} is one of these new molecules (Figure 6. 1). According to the literature, IMI ininsects acts ... labeling (Figure 6. 5C). In the basal ring the mean gray level of the 10 6 M group was significantly lower compared to the saline group.In the 10Ϫ4M IMI-treated group, the CO staining in the upper ... acetylcholine-induced currents [2, 4].Finally, the dual effect of IMI can be explained by the presence in the central nervous system of the honey bee of two types of nicotinic receptorsas shown in the...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 8 pptx

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 8 pptx

... site [32]. These studies indicated that the onlymajor source of cobalt-56, cobalt-60, manganese-54, sodium-22, and tung-sten- 181 near the study site was the waste lagoon. Because the bees wereonly ... taking up the contaminantsdirectly from the lagoon water; and therefore, the redistribution of conta-minants to the plants in the area was somewhat limited. The levels of cobalt-60 and sodium-22 ... Pol-lution monitoring of Puget Sound with honey bees. Science 227, 80 0 80 1. 8 Wallwork-Barber, M.K., Ferenbaugh, R.W. and Gladney, E.S. (1 982 ). The use of honey bees as monitors of environmental pollution....
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 10 pdf

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 10 pdf

... segments. The concentrations or activities of the major-ity of the elements studied were lower in the 1-year-old branch segmentscompared to the branch tops. In the case of Rb, 40K, and 137Cs they ... Only Ca with a value of 0. 810 percent was even near the 1 percent level.Among the honey types studied, honeydew honey exhibited the best indi-cator capabilities of all of the elements and radionuclides. ... beenmeasured. The analysis of the transfer of these radionuclides and selectedelements from soils through conifers and into various types of honeysclearly reveals the relevance of the honeydew honey...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 12 pptx

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 12 pptx

... types of honeys, have clearly addressed these problems. They have shown that in the acacia honey, the concentrations of most of the trace elements werelower than those generally found in the other ... amounts of Ca and P,all the other elements are present in small quantities. The particular loca-tion of Al on Figure 12. 4A, but also on Figures 12. 2A and 12. 3A, has to berelated to the ubiquity of ... parts of the information. Conversely, with HCA, all the information of the data matrix is displayed through two dendrograms: one for the vari-ables and another for the objects. Therefore, the...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 13 ppt

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 13 ppt

... 1996 of lepidopteran-insect-resistant cotton in the USA [7]. The expression of an insecticidal protein in plants presents many advan-tages over the exogenous application of chemicals. The “toxin,” ... of these Cry proteins isabout 130 kDa and they are produced in an inactive form. After ingestion, the alkaline environment of the insect midgut causes the crystals to dis-solve and release their ... 9C), and the promoter associ-ated with the coding sequence (which affects the quantity and location of the Cry protein). In 1999, 30 percent of the cultivated area in the USAconsisted of transgenic...
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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 15 (end) docx

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 15 (end) docx

... conclusion, there are two possibilities to avoid risk for honey bees: the nonexpression of the toxin in the tissues bees feed on, or the innocu-ousness of the toxin for bees. The risk assessment of the ... investigated such as the location of the bee on the plant (flowers or green parts, rank from the top of the flower visited on the plant), or the type of behavior (exploration of the flower, foraging ... of the sublethal effects of chemical pesticides and the risk assessment of GM plants, the main dif-ference relies on the fact that the evaluation of GM plant implies speci - cally the study of...
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