Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide - Chapter 5 pptx

... 2.95Eþ04 324 2 15 7 1-4 3-2 Benzene 2 1.75Eþ03 5. 55EÀ03 2.28EÀ01 2.13 1.77 5. 89Eþ01 178 5. 5 5 6 -5 5- 3 Benzo (a) anthracene 1 9.40EÀ03 3.35EÀ06 1.37EÀ04 5. 70 5. 60 3.98Eþ 05 376 8420 5- 9 9-2 Benzo(b)ﬂuoranthene ... wateraver age linear velo city of contamina nt ( 5: 26 ) A retardati on facto r of 10 means that the contamina nt moves at o ne-tenth of theaverage veloci ty of the groundwat er. The average ... growth of a contaminant plume,but also slows the rate of cleanup by pump-and-treat methods andincreases the water volume that must be extracted to achieve accept-able residual concentrations.ß...

Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide - Chapter 4 pptx

... morebiologically available than are particulate forms, although ingestion and inhalation of particulates containing metals also can be a serious health hazard. Radioactive metalsare hazardous because of ... this chapter that cations in water always attract a hydration shell of water moleculesbecause of electrostatic attractions. Although a cation dissolved in water is often written as an elementalion, ... material has an acid-neutralizingdeﬁciency of 5. 0 tons CaCO3=1000 tons material, and may be considered a poten-tially hazardous waste.4 .5 CASE STUDY 34 .5. 1 IDENTIFYING METAL LOSS AND GAIN...

Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide - Chapter 1 docx

... 3 .5. 1 Background3 .5. 2 Acidity3 .5. 3 Alkalinity3 .5. 4 Importance of Alkalinity3 .5. 5 Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Alkalinity3 .5. 6 Calculating Alkalinity3 .5. 7 Calculating Changes ... substantial impair-ment of the abundance and diversity of species.Class 1—Warm water aquatic life: The se are waters that (1) are currently capable of sustaining a wide variety of warm water ... EditionAuthor Chapter 1Water Quality1.1 Defining Environmental Water Quality1.1.1 Water-Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards1.1.2 Water Quality Classifications and Standardsfor Natural...

Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide - Chapter 2 doc

... ular shape also affects polariz-abil ity. Elongat ed mole cules are more polar izabl e than compa ct molecules . Thus, a line ar alkane is more polar izable than a branche d alkane of the same ... carbonate, carboxylate, phosphate, and cyanide anions, as well aswater molecules, humic acids, and synthetic chelating agents such as nitrilo-triacetate (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate ... phase. Thus, the fact that methanol boils at a lower temperature thanwater means that methanol molecules are attracted to one another moreweakly than are water molecules.ß 2007 by Taylor &...

Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide - Chapter 7 ppt

... no DNA PL was ever released at that site in thepast, or that past releases of DNAPL have failed to reach the watertable. Vapor phase, sorbed phase, and dissolved phase contaminationmay still ... Contaminants of Concern at Many Hazardous Waste SitesChemical Abstracts Service(CAS) Name Abbreviation CAS Number Other NamesMolecularFormulaStructuralFormulaChloromethane Artic; R40 7 4-8 7-3 ... contam inant plum es. A relea se o fDNAP L at the ground surface can therefore lead to long-term contamina tion of boththe vadose and saturated zones a t a site.DNA PLs such as wood preser vatives...

Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide - Chapter 9 pot

... 100 Sm- 151 1,000 Tl-202 300Ga-72 100 Cd-109 600 Sm- 153 200 Tl-204 300Ge-71 6,000 Cd-1 15 90 Eu- 152 200 Pb-203 1,000As-73 1,000 Cd-115m 90 Eu- 154 60 Bi-206 100As-74 100 In-113m 3,000 Eu- 155 600 ... Bi-207 200As-76 60 In-114m 60 Gd- 153 600 Pa-230 600As-77 200 In-1 15 300 Gd- 159 200 Pa-233 300Se- 75 900 In-115m 1,000 Tb-160 100 Np-239 300Br-82 100 Sn-113 300 Dy-1 65 1,000 Pu-241 300Rb-86 ... b-emitting wastes require shielding by a minimum of 5 mm of aluminum or 2 mm of lead.3. Gamma rays and x-rays: g- and x-rays are photons (electromagnetic radi-ation), are uncharged, and have...

SAFE USE OF CHEMICALS: A Practical Guide - Chapter 5 pdf

... by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC86 Safe Use of Chemicals: A Practical Guide Inorganic arsenic compounds (As+3 and As +5 ) cause ulceration of nasal sep-tum, nasal septum perforation (as ... Safe Use of Chemicals: A Practical Guide 18. Ganapati, M. 2000. Half of Bangladesh population at risk of arsenic poisoning. British Medical Journal 320: 822.19. Agency for Toxic Substances and ... burns of the mouth, throat, and stomach; blackening of the skin; mucous membranes, throat, and abdomen; salivation; vomiting of black material; diarrhea; collapse; shock; coma; and death. 53 56 Tin...

Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide - Chapter 5 potx

... evaluation of the available data on defaultassessment factors was that the conventionally used factor of 100 (10 for animal-to-human and10 for human-to- human variations) is probably an underestimate. ... is stated that it is likely that theanimal-to-human extrapolation is greatly underestimated, and in the case of human-to-humanvariability, an assessment factor of 10–16 is considered as a minimum.Attention ... and adults. The databa se contai ned 45 drugs c overing a widerange of chemi cal structure s, mecha nism s of action, and met abolism an d clear ance pathways . Thedataba se has enable d compariso...

Applications of Environmental Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals - Chpater 1 pps

... WaterSoil CO 2 3 .5 Acidity and AlkalinityBackgroundAcidityAlkalinityImportance of AlkalinityCriteria and Standards for AlkalinityCalculating Alkalinity Calculating Changes in Alkalinity, ... federal and state drinking water standards. 5. Wetlands: Surface water and groundwater that supply wetlands. Wetlands may be deﬁnedas areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater ... communities of aquatic organisms and popula-tions of signiﬁcant aquatic species. Separate standards should be applied to protect: a. Class 1 — cold water aquatic life: These are waters where...

Applications of Environmental Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals - Chpater 2 docx

... (electronegativity of C = 2 .5; electronegativity of H = 2.1) all alkanes are nonpolarbecause of their bond geometry. In the straight-chain alkanes (called normal-alkanes),as the alkane carbon chain becomes ... also affects polarizability. Elongated molecules are more polarizable than compact molecules.Thus, a linear alkane is more polarizable than a branched alkane of the same molecular weight.All atoms ... chelating agents such as nitrilotriacetate(NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA).• Acid-base : Protons (H + ions) are transferred between chemical species. Acid-base reactionsare part...

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