... to treat other inflammatory diseases including ankylosing spond-ylitis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, butits efficacy in the therapy of these conditions is far less impres-sive ... [23,25-27,47]. In addition to the regulatoryeffect of adenosine in cytokine secretion, we have furtherestablished that Th1 proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 and TNF-αtreatment increases message and protein ... joint inflammation in several murine models of arthritis [45,46].Monocytes and macrophages synthesize and release into theirenvironment a variety of cytokines and other proteins that playa...