báo cáo khoa học: " Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems: a conceptual framework from a comparative study of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia" pot

... this article as: Pocock and Phua: Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems: a conceptual framework from a comparative study of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. Globalization and ... 7:12http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/7/1/12Page 9 of 12REVIEW Open Access Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems: a conceptual framework from a comparative study of Thailand, ... that identifies the policy implications of medical tourism for health systems, from a comparative analysis of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. This framework can provide a basis for moredetailed...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Semantic Information and Derivation Rules for Robust Dialogue Act Detection in a Spoken Dialogue System" pptx

... work.The ﬁrst type of data, called A- data, is a travel infor-mation data set harvested from the databases avail-able on the web, e.g., Wikipedia and Google Map. A- data consists of 1, 603 sentences ... of data, called Q-data, is theedited transcription of a speech data set simulatinghuman-computer dialogues in a lab environment. Q-data is intended for the system to learn to handle thevarious ... utterance, Htis the dialoguehistorical information, and Ω = {A 1, . . . , A q} is theset of DAs. Using the maximum approximation for summation, (1) can be written as A ∗t= arg max A ΩWP...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation" doc

... California Stanford University4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001 Stanford, CA 94305Marina del Rey, CA 90292 jahr@cs.stanford.edugermann,knight,marcu,kyamada @isi.eduAbstract A good decoding algorithm ... selection as an inte-ger program. Here we adapt a subtour eliminationstrategy used in standard TSP. We create a binary(0/1) integer variable for each pair of hotelsFast Decoding and Optimal Decoding ... a TSP instance? If so, we may takegreat advantage of previous research into efﬁcientTSP algorithms. We may also take advantage of existing software packages, obtaining a sophisti-cated decoder...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining Functionality and Object Orientedness for Natural Language Processing" ppt

... The general idea is as follows: We have a number of objects. Objects can be viewed as both data and procedures. They are data in the sense that they have a place (called a local variable) to ... 'case' and whose value is 'subject' is sent to the object he 0. As a result, he0's variable case has a value 'subject'. The value of the evaluation is a ... 'ease' and whose value is 'subject '. ; a variable rrteasage holds the value of an incoming message and a variable self points to the oSjeet itself. class he: if instantiated...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Joint Processing and Discriminative Training for Letter-to-Phoneme Conversion" ppt

... Other approaches, such as those of Bisani and Ney (2002) and Marchand and Damper (2000), haveshown that better performance can be achieved bypairing letter substrings with phoneme substrings,allowing ... speech-to-speechtranslator. In International Workshop of Spoken Lan-guage Translation (IWSLT), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.Sittichai Jiampojamarn, Grzegorz Kondrak, and TarekSherif. 2007. Applying many-to-many alignments and ... EngineeringResearch Council of Canada.ReferencesDavid W. Aha, Dennis Kibler, and Marc K. Albert. 1991.Instance-based learning algorithms. Machine Learn-ing, 6(1):37–66.Harald Baayen, Richard Piepenbrock,...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Syntactic Features and Word Similarity for Supervised Metonymy Resolution" pot

... hasbeen shown for a variety of NLP tasks, e.g., ma-chine translation (Kamei and Wakao, 1992), ques-tion answering (Stallard, 1993) and anaphora reso-lution (Harabagiu, 1998; Markert and Hahn, ... as a classification task between the literalreading and a fixed set of metonymic patterns thatcan be identified in advance for particular semanticclasses. This approach makes the task comparable ... frame contains553 different names, an annotated data set of 925samples is quite small. These generalisations overcontext and collocates are also applicable to stan-dard WSD and can supplement...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Plot Induction and Evolutionary Search for Story Generation" pot

... story gener-ation as a form of agent-based planning (Swartjes and Theune, 2008; Pizzi et al., 2007). The agentsact as characters with a list of goals. They formplans of action and try to fulﬁll ... Robust accuratestatistical annotation of general text. In Pro-ceedings of the 3rd International Conference onLanguage Resources and Evaluation. Las Pal-mas, Gran Canaria, pages 1499–1504.Chambers, ... Ohio,pages 789–797.Chambers, Nathanael and Dan Jurafsky. 2009.1570 a document planner to create and structure a plot for a story. The planner is built automatically from a training corpus and...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Phonological Constraints and Morphological Preprocessing for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion" pot

... Pronuncia-tion by Analogy (PbA) algorithm (Marchand and Damper, 2005). For the Nettalk data, we also com-pared the influence of syllable boundary annotation from a) automatically learnt and b) manually ... syl-labification and word stress assignment are all per-formed at the same time, a state additionally con-tains a syllable boundary flag b and a stress flag a, yielding l; p; b; a i.As an alternative ... than the times for Pronunciation byAnalogy (PbA) (Marchand and Damper, 2005) onthe same corpus. Marchand and Damper reported a processing time of several hours for c4), two days for c2) and...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Structural, Transitive and Latent Models for Biographic Fact Extraction" pdf

... performance of this Ravichandran and Hovy (2002) model withadditional attribute domain modeling for each at-tribute, and Table 3 shows the average perfor-mance across all attributes.5 Partially ... (born<Birthdate>)” (Hearst, 1992; Riloff, 1996; The-len and Riloff, 2002; Agichtein and Gravano,2000; Ravichandran and Hovy, 2002; Mann and Yarowsky, 2003; Jijkoun et al., 2004; Mann and Yarowsky, ... 1996. Automatically Generating ExtractionPatterns from Untagged Text. Proceedings of AAAI,pages 1044–1049.M. Ruiz-Casado, E. Alfonseca, and P. Castells.2005. Automatic extraction of semantic...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Reducing Approximation and Estimation Errors for Chinese Lexical Processing with Heterogeneous Annotations" pot

... Bootstrapping Anno-tated Language Data, Las Palmas, Canary Islands,pages 8–15.Julia Hockenmaier and Mark Steedman. 2007. Ccgbank: A corpus of ccg derivations and dependency structuresextracted from ... boundaries match the boundaries of a word in the gold standard and their POS tags areidentical.6.2 Results of StackingTable 2 summarizes the segmentation and taggingperformance of the baseline ... Committee.Wenbin Jiang, Liang Huang, and Qun Liu. 2009. Au-tomatic adaptation of annotation standards: Chineseword segmentation and pos tagging – a case study. InProceedings of the Joint Conference of the...

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