General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 3 pdf

... retractors, a scalpel is used to icise the periorbita, taking care to stay lateral to the lacrimal sac (Fig. 3- 1 1). The incision through the periorbita is just posterior to the orbital rim when the ... through the superior limb of the lateral canthaltendon. The bulk of the lateral canthal tendon attaches to the orbital tubercle, 3 to 4 mm posterior to the orbital margin. Following canthotomy, the ... superior limb of the tendon. An effectivemethod to pass this suture is to identify the superior limb of the canthal tendon first with small,toothed forceps placed into the incision. The forceps are...

General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 4 doc

... of Facial Nerve The temporal branches of the facial nerve are often called the frontal branches when they reach the supraciliary region. The nerves provide motor innervation to the frontalis, the ... branches of the facial nerve leave the parotid gland immediatelyinferior to the zygomatic arch (Fig. 6 -3 ). The general course is from a point 0,5 cm below the tragus to a point 1,5 cm above the lateral ... 6-4 Branchesof the facial nerve. The distance from the anteriorconcavity of the external auditorycanal to the crossingof the zygomaticarch (arrow) by the temporal branchvaries from 8 to...

General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 5 pot

... across the forehead from one superior temporal line to the other. The tension through periosteum should be 3 to 4 cm superior to the orbital rims.75Figure 6- 10 Draping of the patient and the ... and inferior to where the artery pierces the medial orbital wall. With a periosteal elevator on each side of the foramen, retraction allows the periosteum attached to the foramen to "tent" ... at it insertsinto the coronoid process. Another approach is to perform an osteotomy of the zygomatic arch,leaving it pedicled to the masseter muscle, and to dissect between the masseter and...

General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 6 pot

... relationship of facial vessels to bone. The only tissue between them is the periosteum.S E C T I O N IV TRANSORAL APPROACHES TO THE FACIAL SKELETON The midfacial and mandibular skeleton can ... in the midface. It allows relatively safe access to the entire facial surface of the midfacial skeleton, from the zygomatic arch to the infraorbital rim to the frontal process of the maxilla. The ... effectof the medial pull of the alar bases on the nose (Fig. 7-7 ). Another method is to evert the tissue into the incision area by pressing the thumb or finger into the alar facial groove (Fig. 7-8 )....

General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 8 ppsx

... inferior to the lowest part of the bony external auditory meatus (Fig. 1 0-1 ). The average distance from the lowest point on the external bony auditory meatus to the bifurcation of the facial ... laterally into the substance of the parotid gland. The length of the facial nerve trunk that is visible to the surgeon is about 1 ,3 cm. It divides into the temporofacial and cervicofacial divisions ... retractor into the sigmoid notch (channel retractor, sigmoid notch retractor)(Figs. 1 0-1 0 to 1 0-1 2). Figure 1 2 1 0-9 Subperiosteal dissection of the masseter muscle. The periosteal elevator...

General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 9 docx

... anterior (2 mm) bands. The upper surface of the disk adapts to the contours of the fossa and eminence of the temporal bone, and the lower surface of the disk adapts to the contour of the mandibular ... individual to the next, and range anywhere from 8 to 35 mm (20 mm average) anterior to the external auditory canal (Fig. 1 2-2 ) (1). Therefore, protection of the temporal branches of the facial ... After the parotid capsule/SMAS/platysma layer is closed, a 1/ 8- or 3/ 32-in. round vacuum drain is placed into the subcutaneous pocket to prevent hematoma formation. The drain can exit the posterior...

General Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton - part 10 pps

... freeing the periosteum from its lateral surface. The periosteal elevator can then be used to continue bluntly dissecting inferiorly with the black-and-forth motion, taking care not to dissect ... clinically. The standard and most basic is the Preauricular approach. Other approaches differ in term of placement of the skin incision as well as access to the joint. The dissection down to the TMJ, ... retracted anteriorly in the flap. Failure to develop the flap close to the cartilaginous external auditory canal increases the risk of damage to these structures. Below the zygomatic arch, dissection...

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