... the case of phase transformations) is absent and
the interface s core structure consists of all “bad material.” It is generally assumed
that any shear stresses applied across such an interface ... Clusters.
As described in Section
B.l,
for incoherent interfaces all of
the lattice registry characteristic of the reference structure (usually taken
as
the
crystal structure of...
...
CONTENTS
12.2 Motion of Crystal/Vapor Interfaces
12.2.1 Structure of Crystal/Vapor Surfaces
12.2.2 Crystal Growth from a Supersaturated Vapor
12.2.3 Surfaces as Sinks for Supersaturated Lattice ...
-
Anew-rOld new old-rnew
This pattern-a rank-one tensor is transformed by a single matrix multiplication
and a rank-two tensor is transformed by two matrix multiplications-holds for...
... follow from statements of the first and second laws of
thermodynamics.
Onsager s principle supplements these postulates and follows from the statisti-
cal theory of reversible fluctuations
[5]. ... therefore
demonstrates the role of microscopic reversibility in the symmetry of the Onsager
coefficients. More demonstrations of the Onsager principle are described in Lifshitz...
... distortions in the fixed stress field,
so
different amounts of work,
W,
must be done against the stress field during these
jumps. The rate of a particular jump in the absence of stress is proportional ...
vary linearly with stress and be expressible
as
a
tensor in the very general linear
form
(3.78)
kl
where the stress-dependent terms in the sum are relatively small. Simila...
... ENT
SYSTEMS
In earlier chapters we examined systems with one or two types of diffusing chem-
ical species. For binary solutions, a single interdiffusivity,
5,
suffices to describe
composition ... everywhere except where its argument is
zero, where it has an infinite singularity. It has the property
s
j(F')6(F-
Fo)dr'=
f (r& apos;0);
so
it also
follows that
s6 (F-...
... the ratio of strain over stress) is then
El
.E2
-
1-
-_
-
(~1
-
2~2)
eiWt
S( W)
=
uo
eiWt
uo
go
(8.71)
Because the strain lags behind the stress, the stress-strain curve for each ... mechanical response of
anelastic materials. Scalar forces in the spring and dashpot model become analogs
for a more complex stress tensor in materials. To enforce this an...
... diffusion on most surfaces is anisotropic because of their low two-dimensional
symmetry. When the surface structure consists
of
parallel rows of closely spaced
atoms, separated by somewhat larger ... somewhat larger inter-row distances, diffusion is usually easier
parallel to the dense rows than across them. In some cases,
it
appears that the
60ur
discussion follows reviews
by...
... external macroscopic shape and its in-
ternal microstructure-when suitable driving forces exist.
As
always, these driving
forces result from differential decreases in total free energy.
Morphology ... boundary with isotropic surface energy
yB
intersects a free surface with
isotropic surface energy
ysl
a
grain-boundary groove
forms in order to achieve a
capillary-force balance, as...
... the grain center. The pressure due to this
curvature therefore induces growth. Grains with fewer than six sides show the
opposite behavior, whereas grains with six sides possess flat sides and ... Number
of
sides
(a)
(b)
Figure
15.14:
(a)
Average area
of
grains vs. time.
(b)
Fraction
of
grains possessing
N
sides. Figures compare Marder&apos ;s theoretical results with ex...
... larger-curvature surface regions to lower-
curvature surface regions.
ss.v
Surface Surface Vapor transport Nondensifying
Atoms are transported through the vapor phase from larger-curvature ... process is called
Coble creep.
Grain boundaries serve as both sources and sinks in polycrystalline materials-
those grain boundaries with larger normal tensile loads are sinks for atoms trans- ....