... dispensing machines and mobile van outlets in reaching hard-to-reach and high-risk groups of injecting drug users (IDUs): a reviewMd Mofizul Islam*1,3 and Katherine M Conigrave2,3Address: ... papers/reports, of which 18 were on dispensing machines (including vending and exchange machines) and 22 on mobile vans. The findingsdemonstrate that syringe dispensing machines and mobile vans ... Subsequently they wereintroduced in several European countries including Swit-zerland, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, and also in Australia and New Zealand. These are auto-matic...