Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed - M Ashby D Jones (1999) WW Part 4 docx
Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures_ processing_ design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) WW Part 4 docx
... environment.Fine-grained castingsMany engineering components – from cast-iron drain covers to aluminium alloy cylin-der heads – are castings, made by pouring molten metal into a mould of the ... be watched. The casting “material”used is ammonium chloride solution, made up by heating water to 50°C and addingammonium chloride crystals until the solution just becomes saturated. The solution ... isthen warmed up to 75°C and poured into the cold mould. When the solution touchesthe cold metal it cools very rapidly and becomes highly supersaturated. Ammoniumchloride nuclei form heterogeneously...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 2 potx
... worked or heat-treated intofinished products; and by understanding these, shape and size can, to a large extent,be predicted.Background reading M. F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, Engineering Materials ... removed impurity from the left-hand end of the bar and dumped it at the right-hand end; that is, we have zone refined the left-hand part of the bar.Because we need to know how long the refined section ... 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann,1996.Further reading D. A. Porter and K. E. Easterling, Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 2nd edition, Chapmanand Hall, 1992.G. A. Chadwick, Metallography...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 4 pps
... (wt%)sy(MPa)Slowly cooled Quenched and aged2000 Al + 4 Cu + Mg, Si, Mn 130 46 56000 Al + 0.5 Mg 0.5 Si 85 2107000 Al + 6 Zn + Mg, Cu, Mn 300 570Work hardeningCommercially pure aluminium (1000 ... can age-harden aluminium. Magnesium and titanium can be age hardened too, but not asmuch as aluminium.Kinetics of structural change: III – displacive transformations 81Fig. 8.5. The diffusive ... of this the randomly distributed solute atoms interact with dislocations andmake it harder for them to move. The theory of solution hardening is rather complic-ated, but it predicts the following...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 5 pps
... wear and tear. Untempered martensite is far too brittle for hammerheads.Having solved the immediate problem to our satisfaction we still wondered how themanufacturer had managed to harden the ... bath ofmolten salt at 45 0°C. Finally, the heads are removed from the tempering bath andwashed in cold water. The rather complicated austenitising treatment is needed be-cause the Standard insists ... Si, 0 .4% Mn, 4% Cr, 5% Mo, 6% W, 2% vanadium (V) and 5% Co. The steel is used in the quenchedand tempered state (the Mo, Mn and Cr give good hardenability) and owes its strengthto two main factors:...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 6 pps
... 9 .4 Mg m –3 and 0.90 Nm–1.Answer: 49 mm. 14. 3 Aluminium sheet is to be rolled according to the following parameters: startingthickness 1 mm, reduced thickness 0.8 mm, yield strength 100 MPa. ... poured. When the casting has gone solid itis removed by destroying the mould. Metal moulds are machined from the solid. TheyProduction, forming and joining of metals 143 Chapter 14 Production, ... vacuum). Feeders must be added (Fig. 14. 4) to make up the contraction.And inoculants should be added to refine the grain size (Chapter 9). This is wherepowder metallurgy is useful. When atomised...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 7 doc
... sliding, and allowing the clay to be formedby hand or with simple machinery. When the shaped clay is dried and fired, one com-ponent in it melts and spreads round the other components, bonding ... defect in the small volume subjected to the higheststresses is small.18.3 Modulus-of-rupture tests were done on samples of ceramic with dimensionsl = 100 mm, b = d = 10 mm. The median value of ... samples were 100 mmlong and had a 10 mm by 10 mm square cross section. The median value of themodulus of rupture was 40 0 MPa. Tensile tests were also carried out usingsamples of identical material...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 8 ppt
... polyesters (both widely used asmatrix materials for fibre-reinforced polymers) and the formaldehyde-based plastics(widely used for moulding and hard surfacing). Other formaldehyde plastics, which ... P(DP )d( DP) is the fraction of molecules with DP values between DP and DP + d( DP). The molecular weight is just mDP where m is the molecular weight of themonomer.Most polymer properties depend ... indeed, of wood or bone. That is because wood and bone are composites:they are really made up of stiff fibres or particles, embedded in a matrix of simplepolymer. People have learned how to make...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures processing design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) Episode 9 potx
... top and normalised by Tg along the bottom. (Thenormalisations make the diagrams more general: similar polymers should have similarnormalised diagrams.)The diagram is divided, like the modulus ... allowing them to be formed by injection moulding,vacuum forming, blow moulding and compression moulding. Thermosets, on the otherhand, are heated, formed and cured simultaneously, usually by compression ... extra volume(over and above that needed by tightly packed, motionless molecules) is called the free-volume. It is the free-volume, aided by the thermal energy, that allows the molecules tomove...
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