... imposition of high initiation fees and long apprenticeships and requirements that employ-ers hire only union members. This is done primarily by craft unions (i.e.,unions of such skilled workers ... productiveresource?Solution:a. Firms demand resources in order to produce final commodities. Itis the consumers’ demand for final commodities that ultimately gives rise136 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS 130 PRINCIPLES ... Savings, 65Scarcity, 3–5market system, 7–8Services, 4 Short run, 105Short-run average costs (SAC),107–109Short-run costs, 105–107Short-run loss, 1 14 Short-run profit, 1 14 Stabilizers,...