... mechanisms—exceptions andassertions—that can be used to validate beliefs at specific points in a program.Including extra statements in your program to validate assumptions may appear to be a lot of effort, ... elements away from ptr1). Pointer mathonly makes sense in the context of an array.C-Strings: C-strings are just pointers to an array of characters. The string end iscalculated by starting at item ... the two pointers as a difference between the array index value of ptr2 andptr1, so if ptr2 points to array[3] and ptr1 points to array[1], ptr2 — ptr1 = 2 (since the ptr2 points to an element...