Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 8 pps

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 1 pot

... concentration in the unit volume of the air . Contents 1 SolarRadiationintheAtmosphere 1 1 .1 Characteristics of the Radiation Field in the Atmosphere 1 1.2 Interaction of the Radiation and the Atmosphere ... LeipzigPrinting: Mercedes-Druck, BerlinBinding: Stein +Lehmann, BerlinPrinted on acid-free paper 32/ 314 1/as 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere Fig. 1. 1.Tothe definitionof theintensityand ... ndV.Substituting the sum of extinction energies to the extinction coefficient def-inition (1. 19) in accordance with (1. 12) and accounting the definition of the irradiance (1. 3) we obtain the following:α...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 2 ppsx

... cloud ﬁeld (Bilingual). Izv RAS Atmosphere and Ocean Physics 20 : 120 5– 121 8Minin IN (1988) The theory of radiation transfer in theplanets atmospheres. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)Mazin IP, Khrgian ... (1.35), but the multiple scattering plays the main 32 Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere function (1.50), compute the integral over the azimuth and level items with the equal n umbers m in the left-hand ... proportionaltothesinglescatteringalbedo,thevelocityoftheseriesconvergenceislinkedwith this parameter: the higherω0 (the scattering is greater) the higher order 42 Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere Table...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 3 doc

... mainpartofthesolardownwellingirradianceinaclearsky.Thepitchinﬂuenceon the accounting of direct radiation in the measured irradiance was obviouslyowing to the deviation of the angle of the solar ... carrying out usingthelightconductor.Thecalibrationresultwastheratioofthecalculatedlampenergy (incoming to the instrument input slit) to the output signal of the in- strument. This ratio was the ... ﬂightconditions in uence the measurement results too. Certainly, the accuracy of the instrument on board was increasingly worse than the accuracy of the sameinstrument in the laboratory. The deviation of the...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 4 potx

... irradiance: solar radiation decreases owing to the radiation extinction in the atmosphere. For the upwelling irradiancethis effect pointstothe predominanceofscatteringprocesses over absorption processes in the ... variance of the irradiances values). If the solution has been obtained usingrestraints (3.8), the part of the irradiances is linearly dependent and hencenon-informative. The indicator of the linear ... to link with non-ideal weather conditions togetherwith the errors during the registrations. The spectral region is excluded from the further processing when there arelessinformativepointsinit.Thus,Fig.3.9demonstratesasoundingofhighquality....

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 5 pptx

... for inves-tigation of short-wav e radiation ﬁeld in the atmosphere. In: Pr oblems o f AtmosphericPhysics. 6:Leningrad University Press, Leningrad, pp 1 75 181 (in Russian)Minin IN (1988) The theory ... addition, the observation of direct solar radiation was carried out in the clear sky during the Arctic experiment of 1979. It gave the opportunity ofcalibrating the instrument in units of solar incident ... region. The main result of the study by Minnet (1999) is the following: solar zenithangle is critical in determining whether clouds heat or cool the surface. Forlargezenithangles(à0> 0. 15) the...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 6 pdf

... for the molecular absorption of the atmo-spheric gasesGas Wavelength interval (nm)H2O 444–4 46, 468 –470, 502–510, 538–552, 566 60 2, 62 6 66 6, 68 4–7 46, 784–978O3330–3 56, 4 26 848O2 62 6 63 2, ... 4 26 848O2 62 6 63 2, 68 6 69 4, 758–774NO2330 61 6, 63 8 65 6NO3598 67 2out the concrete observations with the concrete K-3 instrument. In principle,application of these data to other experiments and instruments ... matrix of the irradiance uncertainties obtained at the second stage of the processing of the sounding results in Sect. 3.3. The uncertainties of the retrieved parameters,while solving the inverse...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 7 pptx

... wasderivedin thestudybyKing (19 87) as aresultof transforming the first of (2.24). Regretfully the author of the study (King19 87) continued the further application of the obtained formula assuming the conservative ... method in the atmosphere optics. Springer-Verlag, N ew YorkMinin IN (1988 )The theory of radiation transfer inthe planets atmospheres. Nauka,Moscow (in Russian)Otnes RK, Enochson L (1 978 ) Applied ... al. (1 974 ) took the first stepby using the observation of the reflected solar radiation from satellites forobtaining the small parameter connected with the single scattering albedoω0of the cloud...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 8 pps

... (1 988 ) The theory of the radiation transfer in the planets atmospheres. Nauka,Moscow (in Russian)Minin IN, Tarabukhina IM (1990) To studying of optical properties of the Venus atmosphere (Bilingual). ... describes the diffused part of light in the incident ﬂux. The in uence of the overlying atmospheric layers (including high thinclouds), the difference between the reﬂection functions of the real ... have in mind that parameter r also includes the in uence of the radiation scattering by the above atmospheric layers andthin semitransparent above clouds. Then the following is proposed for the evaluation...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 9 pot

... 49. 2610 97 .3 97 .6 98 .0 98 .6 99 .4 100.0 45 .9 46.2 46.6 47.2 48.0 49. 0620 96 .7 96 .9 97.3 97 .9 98.7 99 .6 45.4 45.7 46.1 46.7 47.4 48.4630 93 .3 93 .5 93 .9 94.4 95 .1 96 .6 43.2 43.3 43.7 44.2 44 .9 ... 105.0 49. 2 49. 6 50.2 50 .9 51 .9 53.1580 101.0 101.0 102.0 102.0 104.0 105.0 48.1 48.4 48 .9 49. 6 50.3 51.2 590 97 .9 98.2 98 .6 99 .3 100.0 101.0 46.6 46.8 47.3 47 .9 48.7 49. 7600 98 .3 98 .6 99 .0 99 .7 ... 88.4 90 .5 92 .9 95.5 98 .3 22.7 24.2 25.8 27.5 29. 3 31.1550 89. 2 90 .9 92 .9 95.2 97 .7 101.0 24.6 26.1 27.7 29. 4 31.1 32 .9 560 87.1 88.8 90 .8 93 .0 95 .5 98 .2 25.4 26.8 28.2 29. 7 31.3 33.0570 87.7 89. 5...

Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 10 docx

... 40Iillumination unevenness 83improved convergence 147incident angle 3incident flux 7incident solar angle 214incident solar flux 208, 217incident solar spectrum 171incorrectness of the inverse ... processing 80initial spectrum 108 instrumental function 8, 171, 193integral operator 180integration 151intensity of radiation 2interactive regime 81internal mixture 255internal radiation ... 26–photon 49 radiation 10 – Rayleigh 109 – volume coefficient 134scattering angle 11scattering azimuth 11scattering cross-section 10 secondary processing 81, 94semi -in nite atmosphere 58,64semiautomatic...

The Earth’s Atmosphere Contents Part 1 pptx

... 12 hr 12 .0 hr 12 hr 12 .0 hr 10 ° 12 hr 12 .6 hr 12 hr 11 .4 hr20° 12 hr 13 .2 hr 12 hr 10 .8 hr30° 12 hr 13 .9 hr 12 hr 10 .1 hr40° 12 hr 14 .9 hr 12 hr 9 .1 hr50° 12 hr 16 .3 hr 12 hr 7.7 hr60° 12 ... hurricane. The diameter of the hurricane is about 800 km (500 mi). The tiny dot at its center is called the eye. In the eye, 14 Chapter 1 The Earth’s Atmosphere *Recall from p. 10 that 1 knot equals 1. 15 ... Warming the Earth and the Atmosphere (Energy gainedby atmosphere) +16 0–70(Energy lost to space)–64–6+7 +11 1+23 +19 LatentheatSolarInfrared–64 –96 16 0InfraredEvaporation+96+ 51 11 7–23(Energy...

The Earth’s Atmosphere Contents Part 2 pdf

... temperature as a ther-mometer with the same reading in North Dakota. If a68 Chapter 3 Air Temperature5 32 27 22 16 11 6 0 –5 –10 –15 21 26 –31 –36 – 42 –47 – 52 10 22 16 10 3 –3 –9 –15 22 27 –34 –40 ... Temperature of 24 °FAir Temperature (°F)35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 –5 –10 –15 20 25 –30 –35 –40 –45Wind Speed (mi/hr)Calm 8 4 0 –4 –8 – 12 –16 20 24 28 – 32 –36 –40 –4410 5 0 –4 –8 –13 –17 22 26 –31 ... –40 –46 – 52 –58 –64 –71 –7715 16 9 2 –5 –11 –18 25 –31 –38 –45 –51 –58 –65 – 72 –78 –85 – 92 20 12 4 –3 –10 –17 24 –31 –39 –46 –53 –60 –67 –74 –81 –88 –95 –103 25 8 1 –7 –15 22 29 –36 –44...

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The Earth’s Atmosphere Contents Part 3 ppt

... lingering close to the ground. As the day progresses, sunlight warms the surface and the surface warms the air above. As the air temperature near the ground increases, the lower atmosphere graduallybecomes ... Fig. 4 .33 ). The condensation may come di-rectly from the water vapor added to the air from engine ex-haust. In this case, there must be sufﬁcient mixing of the hot exhaust gases with the cold ... of the drop and on its rate of fall: The greater its speed, the more air molecules the drop encounters each second. The speed of the falling drop increases until the air re-sistance equals the...

The Earth’s Atmosphere Contents Part 4 pdf

... greater the pressuregradient. The greater the pressure gradient, the stronger the pressure gradient force (PGF). The stronger the PGF, the greater the wind speed. The red arrows represent the relativemagnitude ... The difference in wind pressure fromone side of a cup to the other causes the cups to spinabout the shaft. The rate at which they rotate is directlyproportional to the speed of the wind. The ... weather map in Fig. 6.12. Notice that the Why the Wind Blows 149 HPGFPGFPGFPGFPGFPGF1016102010 24 MAP VIEW0200 40 0600Scale (km)FIGURE 6.11 The closer the spacing of the isobars, the...

ECG in the Child and Adolescent - part 8 ppsx

... FAWBLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44CHAPTER 3.33T amplitude by age in lead V1 -0 .60 -0 .50 -0 .40 -0 .30 -0 .20 -0 .100.000.100.200.30 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-1 3 1 3-1 8 T Amplitude in ... 13:44CHAPTER 3.35T amplitude by age in lead V4 -0 .40 -0 .200.000.200.400.600 .80 1.001.20 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-1 3 1 3-1 8 T Amplitude in Millivolts95%75%50%25%5%Age, ... 3.34T amplitude by age in lead V2 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .200.000.200.400.600 .80 1.00 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-1 3 1 3-1 8 T Amplitude in Millivolts95%75%50%25%5%Age, yearsAge,...

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