... having eaten). The point is that the time of orientationto which they relate the time of their situation does not have to be the temporalzero-point. It is criterial of tensed forms that they encode ... consisting of the initialletters of the terms negation, inversion, code and emphasis. The reference is to the four cases in which the English VP requires an auxiliary. If there is noauxiliary, the ... a verb form’. A verb form consists either of a verb (in the form of a participle or infinitive) plus one or more auxiliaries(e. g. will see, would have seen) or of a (usually inflected) verb...