... the test may be valid for some purposes, but not for others. For example, if the purpose of a test is to test ability to communicate in a foreign language, then it is valid if it actually tests ... If the test is full of questions of grammar, then the test cannot be considered valid. Moreover, if a test is to test reading ability, but it also tests writing, for example, then the test fails ... they are for; in other words, in respect to test method and test purpose.” (Mc Namara, 2000: 5). For example, in terms of method, there are paper-and-pencil language tests, performance tests,...