... the atmosphere at low latitudes, i.e. the closer to the equator, the higher the amount of UVB that reaches earth’s surface. • The earth surface: the sand and the snow reflect the UVB, and the ... action may be antagonised by other vitamins and nutrients, mainly vitamin A and the retinol compounds (Johansson and Melhus, 2001). Multivitamins are taken by millions of individuals and they ... years old, the recommendations range from no supplementation in the United Kingdom, 2.5 μg/day in the Netherlands and Russian Federation to 10 μg/day in Albania and Iceland, with the majority...