... [27 , 28 ]. Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices 122 an InP substrate. The theory of the nonreciprocal loss phenomenon was first proposed by Takenaka, Zaets, and others in 1999 [29 , ... obtain the recurrence equation 1, 1, , 1 , 1 , 22 22 22 1111 22 ()0p q p q pq pq pqHHHH Hmmnn mnφ−+ −+++++−−= (3-10) for eq. (3-8), and recurrence equation 1, 1, , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 22 2 ... in Fig. 12) and backward direction (node 2 lower circulator– Fig. 12. Experimental setup for measuring isolation ratio and propagation loss of light in device. Advances in Optical and...