A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 9
A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 1
... program and dataUser program and dataOperating System Address0xFFFFFFFFLimitBase0 (a) User-2 dataUser-1 dataUser programOperating System Base-2Limit-2Limit-2Limit-1Base-2Base-1(b)Limit-1Base-1 ... model in a distributed system. Banking system AirlinereservationOperating system WebbrowserCompilers Editors Application programs Hardware System programs CommandinterpreterMachine language ... programs Hardware System programs CommandinterpreterMachine language MicroarchitecturePhysical devicesFig. 1-1. A computer system consists of hardware, system pro-grams, and application programs. Exp. Explicit Prefix Exp. Explicit...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 2
... of a global vari-able.Thread 1'scodeThread 2'scodeThread 1'sstackThread 2'sstackThread 1'sglobalsThread 2'sglobalsFig. 2-17. Threads can have private ... equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. ... cache(&buf, &page);} if (page not in cache(&page))read page from disk(&buf, &page);return page(&page);} (a) (b)Fig. 2-11. A rough outline of the code for Fig. 2-10. (a) Dispatcherthread....
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 3
... A BC322 9 47Free: 3 (a) A BC342 9 47Free: 1(b) A BC30 ––2 9 7Free: 5(c) A BC307 9 7Free: 0(d)– A BC300 9 –Free: 7(e)Has Max Has Max Has Max Has Max Has MaxFig. ... 3 -9. Demonstration that the state in (a) is safe. A BC322 9 47Free: 3 (a) A BC422 9 47Free: 2(b) A BC44 —42 9 7Free: 0(c) A BC4—2 9 7Free: 4(d)Has Max Has Max Has Max ... everythingHold and wait Request all resources initiallyNo preemption Take resources awayCircular wait Order resources numericallyFig. 3-14. Summary of approaches to deadlock prevention.3DEADLOCKS3.1...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 4
... possibilities also exist.Page faults/secNumber of page frames assigned A BFig. 4- 29. Page fault rate as a function of the number of pageframes assigned.Single addressspace2320DataProgram (a) I ... virtualpage0Indexedby hash onvirtual pageVirtualpagePageframeFig. 4-15. Comparison of a traditional page table with an invertedpage table. (a) Page loaded firstMost recentlyloaded page0 A 3B7C8D12E14F15G18H(b) A ... vector. (a) (b) (c) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B0B1B2B3B4B5B6C1C2C3 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A6 B0B1B2B3B4B5B6C1C2C3 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B0B1B2 A6 B4B5B6C1C2C3Age1075463 9 4625612356Fig....
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 5
... and laser (not to scale). A silver CD-ROM has a similar structure, except without the dyelayer and with a pitted aluminum layer instead of a gold layer.Polycarbonate substrate 1Polycarbonate ... data bytesSymbols of 14 bits each42 Symbols make 1 frame 98 Frames make 1 sector……Fig. 5-21. Logical data layout on a CD-ROM.Printed labelProtective lacquerReflective gold layer layerSubstrateDirection of ... groovePitLand2K block of user dataFig. 5-20. Recording structure of a compact disc or CD-ROM.PreambleBytes 16Data2048 288ECCMode 1sector(2352 bytes)Frames of 588 bits,each containing24 data...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 6
... utilizationData rateBlock size (bytes)Fig. 6-20. The solid curve (left-hand scale) gives the data rate of a disk. The dashed curve (right-hand scale) gives the disk spaceefficiency. All files are ... 4Address of disk block 5Address of disk block 6Address of disk block 7Address of block of pointersDisk blockcontainingadditionaldisk addressesFig. 6-15. An example i-node. (a) gamesmailnewsworkattributesattributesattributesattributesData ... Linked list allocation using a file allocation table inmain memory.File AttributesAddress of disk block 0Address of disk block 1Address of disk block 2Address of disk block 3Address of disk...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 7
... processes, each displaying a movie. Theframe rates and processing requirements per frame are differentfor each movie. A1 A1 A1 B1B1 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 B3 A4 A3 B3 A4 A5 B4 A5 B4 A4 A5 B1 B2B2B2B3 ... (b) After a rewind to 12 min.(c) After waiting 3 min. (d) After starting to refill the buffer.(e) Buffer full.Video A A A T T Video A A A T T Video A A A T TFrame 3Frame 2Frame 1AudiotrackTexttrackFig. ... 18000 2700007 90 00 1800008 90 00 09 Frame 90 00 instream 3 is sentat 8:20 minTimeStreamFig. 7-15. Near video on demand has a new stream starting at reg-ular intervals, in this example every...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 8
... CPU systems.PentiumWindowsMiddleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Application PentiumLinux Application SPARCSolaris Application Mac OS Application MacintoshCommon base for applicationsNetworkFig. ... memory Application HardwareRun-time system Operating system Application Hardware(b)Machine 1 Machine 2Run-time system Operating system Shared memory Application HardwareRun-time system Operating system Application Hardware(c)Machine 1 Machine 2Run-time system Operating system Shared ... making a remote procedure call. The stubs areshaded gray. (a) Machine 1 Machine 2Run-time system Operating system Shared memory Application HardwareRun-time system Operating system Application Hardware(b)Machine...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 9
... capability.Goal ThreatData confidentiality Exposure of dataData integrity Tampering with data System availability Denial of serviceFig. 9- 1. Security goals and threats.User processAll system calls ... (b)After the procedure A has been called. (c) Buffer overflow shownin gray. (a) First page(in memory)Second page(not in memory)Pageboundary A A A A A A(b)B A A A A A (c)F A A A A A Fig. ... addr(b)SPVirtual address spaceBProgram(c)SPVirtual address spaceB A s localvariablesBuffer BMain’slocalvariablesReturn addr A s localvariablesFig. 9- 11. (a) Situation when the main program...
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A computer system consists of hardware, system programs, and application programs figs 10
... parentAllocate child's stack and user areaFill child's user area from parentAllocate PID for childSet up child to share parent's textCopy page tables for data and stackSet up sharing ... Descriptions = brk(addr) Change data segment size a = mmap(addr, len, prot, flags, fd, offset) Map a file ins = unmap(addr, len) Unmap a fileFig. 10-15. Some system calls relating to memory management.The ... an error has occurred; a and addr arememory addresses, len is a length, prot controls protection, flagsare miscellaneous bits, fd is a file descriptor, and offset is a fileoffset.Page frame3Page...
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