... governs the transport and re-moval of particles from the air and their deposition within the respiratory system, and is at least partly associated with the chemical composition and sources of par-ticles. ... DIOXIDE Nevertheless, the effects of short-term exposure to PM have been documented in numerous time-series studies,1 many of them conducted in Europe; these indi-cated large numbers of outcomes, ... on the concentration–response relationships for the effects investi-gated, i.e. on the relationship between the level of air pollution and the effect on health. A quantitative meta-analysis of...