... IKE** * Department of Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan ** Division of Sustainable Energy ... conducted using the C1 2Of/ C12Or or C2 3Of/ C23Or primer sets (Sei et al., 1999). The copy number of 16S rRNA gene was used as the index of total bacteria, whereas the copy numbers of C12O gene and C23O ... principal component analysis (PCA) using NTSYS-pc 2.1 software (Exeter Software, New York, USA). Only the clearly detected bands were selected for analysis. The lower limit for band detection was set...