. continuity equation, the mass conservation equation for each phase yields the volume fraction ( )r and along with the momentum equations the pressure distribution inside the channel. The continuity. The mass balance is described by the divergence of the mass flux through diffusion and convection. Multiple species are considered in the gas phase only, and the species conservation equation. used to study the effects of ambient conditions on the temperature distribution, displacement, deformation, and stresses inside the cell. The behaviour of the fuel cell during operation has been...