. in gas-containing organ systems (e.g., lungs, ears, gastrointestinal tract) at the air-fluid interface. Also, increasing evidence shows primary blast injury to the brain. Secondary blast injuries. planning and coordination, including all authoritative agencies articulating a clear and consistent message, is critical. Leaders have a great deal of in uence over the expectations, understanding,. Decisions and policies developed in advance of a bombing should reflect state and local regulations and guidance. A full exploration of the many aspects of hospital care relevant in a bombing aftermath...