... b-(T, V, ~), and G G(T, p, ~) are called the thermodynamic potentials for the characteristic variables S and V; S and p; T and V; and T and p; respectively. An irreversible process advances, if ... thermal coefficients Ce, ~ , hr.~, and hr, p for the variables T, p, and ~, and the thermal coefficients Cv, ~, 17.~, and Ur, p for the variables T, V, and ~" OV OV h T, p liT, v ... entropy due to the advancement of an irreversible process in a system, and elucidates the change in entropy caused by heat transfer, gas expansion, and mixing of substances. Also discussed...