... elevated conforma-tions fi Ca2+ -binding shorter conformation), and the number of peaks must correspond to the velocity of the catalytic cycle of SERCA. Interestingly, the turnover rate, ATP concentration ... cytoplasm from the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) through the Ca2+-release channel. This removes the troponin inhibition of the actin–myosin interaction, and induces muscle contraction. When the musclerelaxes, ... rotational motion of the A-domain) of SERCA during the ATP-mediated iontransport reaction [14,16–19]. The single line scanning method [8,15], in which anAFM probe repeatedly scanned on a single...