Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Emoticons to reduce Dependency in Machine Learning Techniques for Sentiment Classiﬁcation" pot

... Proceedings of the ACL Student Research Workshop, pages 43–48,Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 2005.c2005 Association for Computational LinguisticsUsing Emoticons to reduce Dependency in Machine Learning ... presentspreliminary experimentswith training data labeled with emoticons, which has the potential of being indepen-dent of domain, topic and time.1 IntroductionRecent years have seen an increasing ... optimised for use as sentiment classiﬁcationtraining data. 2,000 articles containing smiles and2,000 articles containing frowns were held-out asoptimising test data. We took increasing amountsof...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Syntax to Disambiguate Explicit Discourse Connectives in Text" pot

... hierarchy of senses. In our experimentswe consider only the top level categories: Ex-pansion (one clause is elaborating information in the other), Comparison (information in the twoclauses is ... The highest node in the treewhich dominates the words in the connective butnothing else. For single word connectives, thismight correspond to the POS tag of the word, how-ever for multi-word ... improvement over those ob-tained by Marcu (2000) in his corpus-based ap-proach which achieves an f-score of 84.9%3 for identifying discourse connectives in text. Whilebearing in mind that the evaluations...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using WordNet to Automatically Deduce Relations between Words in Noun-Noun Compounds" docx

... constituent words.Our approach to compound disambiguationcombines statistical and ontological informationabout words and relations in compounds. On-tological information is derived from WordNet(Miller, ... word in WordNet is linked to a set of senses, with eachsense identifying one particular meaning of thatword. For example, the noun ‘skin’ has senses rep-resenting (i) the cutis or skin of ... sense-pair, using the ﬁrst term ofthe score tuple as the main key for comparison(lines 14 and 15), and using the second term asa tie-breaker (lines 16 to 18). If the PRO score for relation R in the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Readers to Identify Lexical Cohesive Structures in Texts" potx

... annotators by taking the proportionsof items marked as anchored by annotator in the whole of thedataset, and assuming that for every word, the person was toss-ing a coin with P(heads) = , independently ... direction. In addition, analysis techniques discussed in thepaper – separating interpretation disagreement fromdifference in consistency, using statistical hypoth-esis testing to ﬁnd reliable ... con-cerned with ﬁnding an anchor, i.e. making sure thatsomething they think is easily accommodatable isgiven at least one preceding item to blame for that;they were less diligent in marking up all...

Báo cáo khoa học: "USING CLASSIFICATION TO GENERATE TEXT" docx

... anism to make it easier to specify 'complete' in- put descriptions. The extent to which defaults are used in an essential way in IDAS still remains to be investigated. Certainly for ... classifier is used to find the most specific content-rule which applies to the rule- instance, and the inheritance mechanism is then used to obtain a specification for the KB informa~ tion that ... system to only return a single surface form instead of a set of surface forms, and one can include backtracking-like mechanisms in a classification-based system. SStrictly speaking, SPL is an input...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Focus to Generate Complex and Simple Sentences" pot

... tool for experimenting with techniques for automatic text generation. We plan to use it to investigate additional criteria for determining surface choice. Acknowledgments We would like to ... determining the semantic content of the response and choosing a surface structure I. One component makes decisions about which information to include in the response and passes this information ... 1974) define the theme of a sentence as elements providing common ground for the conversants. Rheme refers to elements that function in conveying the information to be imparted. In sentences...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Speech to Reply to SMS Messages While Driving: An In-Car Simulator User Study" docx

... correct or incorrect in order to avoid priming users to pay more or less attention in subsequent messages. Users did not have to finish listening to the entire list before making their selection. ... ability to listen to incoming SMS messages using text -to- speech (TTS). Au-tomatic speech recognition (ASR) affords users a hands-free, eyes-free method of replying to SMS messages. However, to ... Approach, consisting of voice search and dictation, and Driving Condition, consisting of no driving, easy driving and difficult driving. We included Driving Condition as a way of increas-ing cognitive...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Rejuvenation to Improve Particle Filtering for Bayesian Word Segmentation" doc

... idea is to restoresample diversity after each resampling step by per-forming MCMC resampling steps on each particle’shistory, thus leading to particles with different his-tories in each generation, ... provides an in- tuitive generative story for the observed data. Eachgenerated word token corresponds to a customer sit-85ting at one of the unboundedly many tables in animaginary Chinese restaurant. ... (2009) for incremental initialisation in wordsegmentation using adaptor grammars. Their batchsampler converged on higher token f-score but lowerprobability solutions in some settings when initial-ized...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Crowdsourcing to Improve the Evaluation of Grammatical Error Detection Systems" pdf

... systems: (a) by providing more informativemeasures for the intrinsic evaluation of a single sys-tem (§ 4.1), and (b) by easily enabling system com-parison (§ 4.2).4.1 Crowd-informed Evaluation ... promise.508ing to both address the lack of appropriate evaluationmetrics and to make system comparison easier. Oursolution is general enough for, in the simplest case,intrinsically evaluating a single ... Using Crowdsourcing to Improve the Evaluation ofGrammatical Error Detection SystemsNitin MadnaniaJoel TetreaultaMartin ChodorowbAlla RozovskayacaEducational Testing ServicePrinceton,...

Báo cáo khoa học: "USING %-CALCULUS TO REPRESENT IN LOGIC GRAMMARS" docx

... smaller phrases together using syntactic rules. Corresponding to each syntactic rule is a semantic rule, that forms the meaning structure for a compound phrase by combinging the meanin~ structures ... uses a formula in her MRFOL as the meaning structure for a declarative sentence. The meaning of the English sentence is identified with the meaning that the formula has in the in- tended interpretations ... not unreasonable to hope that in the relatively simple cases we seem to have in our grammars, this procedure can be made to perform adequately. Notice that, for parsing in the forward direction,...

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