... standing for “and,”• the symbol ∨, standing for “or,”• the symbol ⊕ standing for “exclusive or,”• the symbol ¬, standing for “not,”3.1. EQUIVALENCE AND IMPLICATION 93• the symbol ⇒, standing for ... integers for your universe.)13. Each expression below represents a statement about the integers. Using p(x) for “x isprime,” q(x, y) for “x = y2,” r(x, y) for “x ≤ y,” s(x, y, z) for “z = ... use in computer languages to control loops or conditionals are statements aboutvariables. When we declare these variables, we give the computer information about their possiblevalues. For example,...