Health Care Quality and Disparities in Women: Selected Findings From the 2010 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports potx

... and eliminating disparities in health care; and providing evidence to inform women in their health care decisions. This fact sheet focuses on findings in the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities ... Healthcare Research and Quality Priority Populations Selected Findings From the 2010 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports Health Care Quality and Disparities in Women: The components ... reducing health care disparities. As mandated by the U.S. Congress, the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) focuses on national trends in the quality of health care provided to the American...

... by provincial and territorial health care plans, including prescription drugs, eye and dental care, and counselling (Health Canada, 2007). Health care provision in Canada is a provincial/territorial ... services and funding for health care provision in these areas. In these communities, the extended family plays a particularly important role in providing informal care for elderly people (Penning ... other evils, the closure of local health service oces, problems recruiting and retaining health care professionals, and lack of awareness on the part of health care providers and patients...

... Example: The handsome man sitting next to me is ……… In the above example, the head is “man”, the premodifier is the handsome” and the postmodifier is “sitting next to me”. According to traditional ... given-linguistic discourse from one language to another, rather than the words or grammatical structures of the original” In Magdy M.Zaky’s definition, the emphasis is laid on the notion of “meaning”, ... at the transformation of a written SL text into an optimally equivalent TL text, and which requires the syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the...

... family planning clinic’’ and ‘‘Other clinic.’’ ‘‘Public family planningclinic’’ includes clinics located and coded from the AGI/OPA Public FamilyPlanning Clinic Database, either during the interview ... 111Uptofourracialgroupscouldbechosen.Respondentswhoidentifiedthemselveswithmorethanoneracialgroupwereaskedtoselectonegroupthat‘‘bestdescribes’’them,andtheRACErecodereflectedthisresponse.Becauseoflimitedsamplesize,Asian,PacificIslander,Alaskannative ,and AmericanIndianwomenwerecombinedandpresentedinthisreportas‘‘Non-Hispanicother’’races.+Comparisonwithbirthcertificatedata—Thedataintable6ofthisreportshowthatfortheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimatesofthenumberofbirthsareveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotals,bothoverall,forindividualyears ,and forbirthstowhitewomen .The NSFGestimatesaresomewhatlowerforblackwomenandsomewhathigherforwomenof‘‘other’’racesthanthebirthcertificatedata.Thesedifferenceslargely(withinsamplingerror)canceleachotherout.Butthedataintable6suggestthatsomewomenwhoreportthattheyareof‘‘other’’races(AsianorPacificIslander,orAmericanIndianorAlaskannative)inasurveyliketheNSFGmaybeclassifiedaswhiteorblackbyathirdpartyfillingoutabirthcertificate .In addition,somewomenwhoidentifywithmorethanoneracialgroupmayidentifythemselvesprimarilywithaparticulargroup,butathirdpartymaynotchoosethatracialgroupifaskedtoclassifythembyrace.Theseissuesdonotappeartoaffectthecomparabilityofthetotalnumberofbirthsbyyearorothercharacteristics,whichshowverygoodagreementbetweentheNSFGandtheregisteredbirths.+InterpretationofdatabyraceandHispanicorigin—DataareshownbyraceandHispanicorigininthetablesbecauseNCHSisfrequentlyaskedtoprovidedataseparatelyforwhite,black,andHispanicwomen.Raceisassociatedwithanumberofindicatorsofsocialandeconomicstatus.Measuresofsocioeconomicstatus(forexample,educationandincome)arenotalwaysavailableforthepointintimewhentheeventbeingstudiedoccurred.Whilecharacteristicssuchaseducationandincomecanchangeovertime,raceandethnicitydonotchangesotheycanbeusedatallpointsintimeasproxiesforsocioeconomicstatus.Differencesamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomeninthephenomenapresentedinthetablesprimarilyreflectthelowerincomeandeducationallevelsofblackandHispanicwomen,theirmorelimitedaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thecommunitiesinwhichtheylive,andotherfactors(seereference14,tables49,53,81,173).Forsomerecentanalysesofdifferencesinbirthratesbyraceandorigin,seereferences1,15,40 ,and4 1.ReasonsforHIVtest—Allrespondentswhoreportedthattheyhadeverhadtheirbloodtestedforhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV),thevirusthatcausesAIDS,wereaskedthereasonsfortheirmostrecenttest.Theresponselistwasasfollows:+forahospitalizationorsurgicalprocedure+toapplyforhealthorlifeinsurance+becauseyouwerepregnantorbecauseitwaspartofprenatalcare+justtofindoutifyouwereinfected+becauseofareferralbyadoctor+otherreason(specify)Table86showsthepercentscitingspecificreasons,withthepercentsaddingtomorethan100becausesomewomengavemorethanonereasonfortheirHIVtest.Reasonsforsterilizingoperations—Table54showsreasonsreportedfortuballigations,hysterectomies ,and vasectomies.Foreachofhersterilizingoperations,therespondentwasasked:‘‘NowpleaselookatCardD-3whichlistssomereasonsthatwomensometimesgiveforhavingsterilizingoperations.Whichreasonorreasonsdoyoubelieveareclosesttoyourown?’’Womencouldchoosealloftheapplicableresponsesfromthefollowinglist:+Youhadallthechildrenyouwanted+Yourhusbandorpartneratthetimedidnotwantanymorechildren+Financialreasons,thatis,youcouldnotaffordanotherbaby+Medicalreasons+Reasonsrelatedtobirthcontrol+SomeotherreasonsforsterilizationThosementioning‘‘medicalreasons’’wereasked:‘‘PleaselookatCardD-4.Whichofthesemedicalreasonsdidyouhave?’’Theresponselist,againpermittingallapplicablereasonstobecoded,readasfollows:+Medicalproblemswithyourfemaleorgans+Pregnancywouldbedangeroustoyourhealth+Youwouldprobablyloseapregnancy+Youwouldprobablyhaveanunhealthychild+Someothermedicalreason(specify)Thosementioning‘‘reasonsrelatedtobirthcontrol’’intheoriginalquestionwereasked:‘‘Wasyourmethodofbirthcontroldangeroustoyourhealthordidyounotlikeyourmethodofbirthcontrolforotherreasons?’’Womenreportingmorethanonereasonfortheirsterilizingoperationwereaskedtoidentifytheirmainreason.Reasonsforvasectomies—Womenwereonlyaskedaboutreasonsforvasectomyifhercurrenthusbandorcohabitingpartnerhadhisvasectomyduringtheirrelationship .The questionsaskedaboutreasonsforvasectomyweregenerallysimilartothoseaskedforfemalesterilizationoperations.Theexceptionwasthatintheresponselistformedicalreasons,‘‘medicalproblemswithyourfemaleorgans’’wasreplacedwith‘‘HEhadahealthproblemthatrequiredtheoperation.’’Regionofresidence(atinterview) The REGIONrecodeclassifiesregionofresidenceattimeofinterviewintothefourmajorcensusregions:Northeast,Midwest,South,andWest.ThesePage112[Series23,No.19 ... 109twoeventsiscalculatedbysubtractingthedateoffirstintercoursesincemenarchefromthedateoffirstmarriage.Iffirstintercourseaftermenarcheoccurredafterfirstmarriage,orbotheventsoccurredinthesamemonth,itisindicatedaccordinglyintable26.Monthspregnantwhenprenatalcarebegan—Forallpregnanciesendinginanywayotherthaninducedabortionin1991–95,womenwereaskedtoreportiftheyhadevervisitedadoctor,midwife,orclinicforprenatalcare.Thosewhoreportedanyprenatalcarewerethenaskedhowmanyweeksormonthspregnanttheywerewhentheyfirstwentforprenatalcare.ThePNCAREWKrecodeindicatesthenumberofweekspregnantatfirstprenatalvisit.Table83givesthepercentdistributionofPNCAREWKforallpregnanciesthatresultedinlivebirthin1991–95 .The categoriesshownare‘‘lessthan3months,’’‘‘3–4months,’ and ‘5monthsormoreornoprenatalcare.’’‘‘Lessthan3months’’isdefinedaslessthan13weeks,tobeconsistentwiththedefinitionofearly(firsttrimester)prenatalcareinpreviousreportsfromtheNSFG.Mother’seducation(recode=EDUCMOM)—‘‘Mother’seducation’’wasclassifiedaccordingtothehighestgradeofregularschoolorcollegecompletedbytherespondent’smotherormother-figure.ThismeasurediffersslightlyfrompastNSFGreportsthatwerebasedonaquestionaskingforeducationof‘‘mother’’or‘‘stepmother.’’TheCycle5versiondiffersbecausetheidentityofthemotherormother-figurewasascertainedinamorepreciseway:ifthechildhoodlivingarrangementsshowedthattherespondentlivedwithhernaturalmotheratsomepointandneverlivedwithafemaleparentotherthanthenaturalmother,thenthenaturalmotheristhepersonaboutwhomeducationwasasked.Otherwise ,the respondentwasasked:‘‘Who,ifanyone,doyouthinkofasthewomanwhomostlyraisedyouwhenyouwereateenager?’’Thepersonreportedbecomesthepersonaboutwhomeducationisasked.Respondentseligibleforthatquestionwereallowedtorespond‘‘nosuchperson,’ and 0.7percentofsamplecasesfellintothiscategory.Thiscategoryislabeled‘‘nomother-figureidentified’’inthetables.Anadditional4.3percentofinterviewedwomenhadmissingdataonmother’seducation,andthesevaluesfortheEDUCMOMrecodewereimputed.Nonvoluntaryfirstsexualintercourse—Thevoluntary/nonvoluntarystatusoffirstintercoursewasdeterminedfromtwoquestionsintheinterviewer-administeredinterview.First,respondentswereasked:‘‘LookingatthescaleonCardC-3,whichnumberwouldyousaycomesclosesttodescribinghowmuchyouwantedthatfirstsexualintercoursetohappen?Onthisscale,a1meansthatyoureallydidn’twantittohappenatthetime ,and a10meansthatyoureallywantedittohappen.’’Womenwhorespondedtothisquestionthattheirfirstintercoursewasarapeareclassifiedashavingnonvoluntaryfirstintercourse.Respondentswhoreportedanythingotherthan‘‘rape’’wereasked:‘‘Wouldyousaythenthatthisfirstsexualintercoursewasvoluntaryornotvoluntary?’’Respondentsanswering‘‘notvoluntary’’arealsoclassifiedashavingnonvoluntaryfirstintercourseforthetable(table21).Numberofhusbandsorcohabitingpartners—TherecodeFMARNOgivesthenumberoftimesawomanhasbeenlegallymarried.Womenwerealsoaskedthenumberofothercohabitingpartnerstheymayhavehad.Table37isbasedonthetotalnumberofhusbandsandcohabitingpartners,computedasfollows:FMARNO+(1ifcurrentlycohabiting)+(#ofothercohabitingpartners)Husbandswithwhomawomanalsocohabited(outsideofmarriage)arecountedonlyonce,ashusbands.Numberofmalesexualpartners—Eachwomanwhohadeverhadvoluntarysexualintercousewasaskedtoreportthenumberorrange(low-high)ofmaleswithwhomshehashadsexual(vaginal)intercourseinherlife,asofthedateofinterview.ShewasalsoaskedtoreporthernumberofmalesexualpartnerssinceJanuary1991(roughlythelast5years)andinthelast12months.Ifarangeofpartnerswasreported ,the numberofpartnerswascalculatedastheaverageofthelowandhighnumbers .In thosefewcaseswheretherespondentreportedzeropartnersforthelowendoftherangeandonepartnerforthehighend,thenumberofpartnerswassetequaltoone.Respondentswhohadneverhadintercourseorwhohadonlyhad(first)nonvoluntaryintercoursewereassignedzero.Thereweretwoversionsofthisseriesofthreequestionsaboutnumberofmalesexualpartners.Thedescriptionaboveappliestotheversionintheinterviewer-administeredportionofthesurvey,andtheseresultsarepresentedintables27,29 ,and3 1.ThesequestionswererepeatedintheAudioCASI,orself-administered,portionofthesurvey,attheendoftheinterview.Eachpairofquestions(interviewer-administeredandself-administered)waswordedalmostidentically,althoughtheAudioCASIquestionsaskedforaspecificnumberanddidnotallowarangetobegiven.Also,thequestionsintheself-administeredportionwereprefacedbythefollowinginstruction:‘‘...

... dissatisfaction and the reasons for discontinuation, and use and discontinuation of the pill and condom by Hispanic origin and race: United States, 2002 Hispanic or Latina Not Hispanic or Latina Black ... of age and percentage who have ever lived with and cared for a child to whom they did not give birth, by the child’s relationship to the woman when the child first began living there and selected ... least 1 child under 13 years of age in the household and percentage using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to the interview, by selected characteristics: United States,...

... Health Care Reform, What’s in It? Small Business Small businesses dominate the rural economy. In fact, small businesses dominate the American economy in terms of the number of business ... provide health insurance for their employees in order to make health insurance more affordable and to provide an incentive for employer-provided insurance in small businesses. The initial credit ... rural economies. The immediate tax credit beginning in 2010, and lasting through four tax years, acts as a bridge to the Health Insurance Exchange system that begins in 2014. The exchange system...

... education and other social indicators than the Central and Southern Regions. Some 60% of peopleliving in the Southern Region are in poverty and the corresponding rates for the Central and Northern Re-gions ... of the relevant sexual activity. In general, the FGD find-ings helped in the development of detailed questionsabout sexual behaviors and partner characteristics. Findings from the Uganda and ... asthey went about their daily activities. Interviewerswere instructed at the end of the interview to note whowas within hearing distance during any point of the in- terview. The results in...

... KEY FINDINGS FROM THE KAISER WOMEN’S HEALTH SURVEY 1 INTRODUCTION Health care has long been a priority issue for women, and women’s health and access to care were central issues in the lead ... and quality of health care services – were key concerns from the outset. The data in this chartbook describe how women are faring in the health care system, and will provide a useful baseline ... of the importance of quality of health care. Overall, one in four women (26%) expressed concerns about the quality of health care they received in the past year. Low-income women (32%) in...

... Cushing,Alfredo Aliaga and Rebecca Stallings—for input intoall facets of the survey design and coordinating the pretest, sample selection, training, fielding, and dataediting and cleaning. The ... conducted in 2003 with the aim of increas-ing understanding of the perceptions and beliefs thatinfluence the behaviors of adolescents and their use of health information and services.4Also in 2003, ... DHStraining protocols for conducting an interview, makingcallbacks and completing survey questionnaires. The training manual used was also derived from the coreDHS Interviewer’s Manual and included...

... while the effect of chemoradiotherapy persisted; thus this might explain their effect on the patients QoL. When the QoL and the types of treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) applied to the ... patients. Health care providers have important role in providing social support to the patients and to their families, and gynecologist and nurses have a characteristic role in establishing the ... to the improvement of social well-being. Modern management of cancer includes psychological and social aspects of the patient and in addition to treating the disease these must be taken into...