... AFP
stimulates formation of the Apaf-1 apoptosome complex,
enhances recruitment and activation of procaspase 3 in the
complex, and stimulates release of active caspase 3 and 9
from the apoptosome. ... the
complexes.
Fig. 7. AFP positively regulates formation of Apaf-1 apoptosome in cell-free extracts and promotes caspase activation and release of caspase 3...
... in
decreased proMMP-2 activation and reduced
MT1-MMP expression
A decrease in the total amount of MMP-2 (72, 64 and
62 kDa bands), as well as in the active MMP-2 forms
(64 and 62 kDa bands), was observed ... expression pattern and
activation mechanisms. The best-described activation
mechanism for MMP-2 is the two-step cell-surface
activation in which proMMP-2 is activated in a...
... hypoxia
(0.5% oxygen) and deferoxamine (100 lmolÆL
)1
) clearly
induced P4ha1 (four- and sevenfold) and P4ha2 mRNA
(seven- and fourfold) and to a lesser extent also PDI mRNA
(two- and 1.5-fold), whilst ... chelation
and cobalt with those reported by Tanaka and coworkers
for cultured astrocytes [15]. Our findings thus on the one
hand fully support these previous findings and on...
... l
M
Ca
2+
(A) and pH 5.0 (B and C). Autoactivation
experiments were carried out asin Fig. 9A (A) and 10(B and C). Samples
(2 l
M
total zymogen in 100 lL) were trichloroacetic acid-precipitated
and analyzed ... trypsinogen
Properties of autocatalytic activation and degradation and implications
in pancreatic diseases
Zolta
´
n Kukor, Miklo
´
sTo
´
th* and Miklo
´
s Sahin-To
´...
... the literature.
R. Vieira and M. Poesio use hand-crafted heuris-
tics, encoding syntactic information. For exam-
ple, the noun phrase “the inequities of the current
land-ownership system” is classified ... discourse and the hearer givenness.The
resulting taxonomy is summarised below:
brand new NPs introduce entities which are
both discourse and hearer new (“a bus”), sub-
class of them, b...
... (0.2 lm and 20 lm; Roche Diagnostics), pan caspase
inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (50 lm; Peptide Institute), caspase- 1
and -4 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK (50 lm; Bachem, Du
¨
ben-
dorf, Switzerland), caspase- 2 ... tract was cleaved by caspase- 3 in vitro and in the
human brain tissues [27], and that cleavage at the
caspase- 6 site in huntingtin was essential for the
HD-related behavioural and...
... of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, USA
Actin dynamics, the polymerization and depolymeriza-
tion of actin filaments and formation of ordered ... of
breakage and destruction of filaments upon exposure to
SDS and potassium iodide (KI) [30], and the decreased
tryptic susceptibility of the 60–69 loop in subdomain 2
[31].
Phos...
... genes CytOX5a and CytOX5b, coding for the
two isofoms Va and Vb, parallels that of genes CYC1 and
CYC7, which encode iso-1 and iso-2 of yeast cytochrome c,
respectively. CytOX 5a and CYC1 are ... resolved as two major
complexes, which comigrated with Apo-ferritin and
b-amylase. Based on the rates of migration, the slow
migrating complex may be a dimmer and the faster
migrati...
... Allochromatium vinosum cytochrome c¢; Ccm, cytochrome c maturation; Dsb, disulfide bond formation; EC b
562
, Escherichia coli
cytochrome b
562
; PHCP, Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus cytochrome c¢;PHc
552
, ... cyto-
chrome c¢ (PHCP) and H. thermoluteolus cytochrome c
552
(PH c
552
)
genes are indicated as c¢ and c
552
, respectively. The arrow and
arrowhead indicate the posit...
... inactivation of Btk and Tec genes in mice
cause a severe phenotype resembling XLA. Tec is involved in the regula-
tion of both B and T lymphocytes, fine-tuning of TCR ⁄ BCR signaling, and
also activation ... T-cell line Jurkat and in two liver cell lines,
HepG2 and Huh7 (Fig. 5C, left part, and data not
shown). The proteasome and NF-jB inhibitors repress
transcription from the...