... addition, the symptoms of ovarian cancer, which include swelling of the abdomen, intestinal gas, and cramping, are oftenvague and lead to delayed detection and a highcase-fatality rate.125 The inability ... childbearing.125,136Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the stage and the invasiveness of the tumor and age of the woman and may include removal of oneor both ovaries, lymph nodes, fallopian tubes,and a hysterectomy ... thiscancer in its early, largely asymptomatic, treat-able stage is the primary reason why survival hasnot improved substantially over the past fewdecades. Periodic transvaginal ultrasounds andCA-125...