... definition and classification of land-scapes, basics of landscape ecology, concepts ofspatial and temporal scales in ecological study and their implications for managing habitat inlandscapes, ... environments, in-cluding tropical coral reefs, mangrove swamps,ancient forests, and native grasslands, while ur-ban, suburban, agricultural, and degraded lands, and lands dedicated solely to intensive ... population response tolandscape conditions and patterns, and reviewshow researchers and managers have viewed wild-life response to habitat edges, boundary effects, and succession and climate; provides...