INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF WOMEN AND SMALL BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP docx

... social location of the individual who is at the centre of the analyses of business ownership, self-employment253 INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF WOMEN AND SMALL BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP and entrepreneurship. ... International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship networks’ and ‘the use of directive power’ – as opposed to the soft inﬂuence, based onconsensus and empowerment of employees ... recent facts and ﬁgures onthe current position of women entrepreneurs in the US.250 International handbook of women and small business entrepreneurship ConclusionThrough this summary of important...

INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF LAND AND PROPERTY TAXATION docx

... question of taxing land versus land and improvements and then consider exemptions.Land versus land and improvementsSome countries tax only land. A few tax only buildings. Most tax both land and ... AmericaArgentinaChileColombia INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF LAND AND PROPERTY TAXATION21Notes:1Includes only local taxation and not the state tax on land.2Includes the local council tax and the local share of national ... (ﬁvein each of ﬁve regions – OECD, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America) focus on the potential contributions of land and propertytaxes to the revenues of urban and rural...

Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P11 docx

... complete separation of the tip and substrate resultedin the transfer of a smaller number of substrate atoms to the tip when the connective neck of atoms,composed entirely of Au, was severed. ... caused drainage of the top layer of alkane molecules from underneath the tip, increasedwetting of the sides of the tip, “pinning” of hexadecane molecules under the tip, and deformation of thegold ... energy, load, and average tilt angle of theﬁlm molecules were monitored during the simulation.Harrison, J.A. et al. “Atomic-Scale Simulation of Tribological and Related ” Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology....

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P4

... between predictions of fractal model and experiments of Yamada et al. (1978).FIGURE 4.34 Comparison among predictions of the fractal model, the GW model, and experiments of Bhushan and Dugger (1990) ... roughness of regime 2 and one can again use the relation of Equation 4.3.25 for a single fractal behavior. Note thatin such a case, σ is only related to G1 and D2 of regime 2 and not to D1 and ... heights of the same surface were uncorrelated such that the sum of the variances of two regions of lengths L1 and L2 can be added up as(4.3.7)They gathered roughness measurements of a wide...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P8

... dense films of long-chain molecules.Bhushan et al. (1995b,c) conducted micro- and macroscale friction and wear studies on single-grafted and double-grafted octodecyl (C 18 ) and LB films and their ... single-grafted, LB, and Au films and is comparable with that of SiO 2 film. The C 18 double-grafted films can withstand much higher normal force of 40 µN as compared with200 nN for the case of LB films. ... TABLE 8.1 Typical rms Roughness and Coefficients of Microscale and Macroscale Friction Values of Various Samples rms Roughness Coefficient of Coefficient of Sample (nm) a microscale friction...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P14

... Ruan and Bhushan(1994a–c), Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b, 1997a,b), and Sundararajan and Bhushan (1998).Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b) and Poon and Bhushan (1995a,b) reported that rms roughness and friction ... Majumdar and Bhushan (1991) and Bhushan and Majumdar (1992) have reported relationships forcumulative size distribution of the contact spots, portions of the real area of contact in elastic and plasticdeformation ... distribution of mixed monolayerfilms produced by dipping into a solution of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon molecules. The resultingfilm consists of discrete islands of hydrocarbon in a sea of fluorocarbon....

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P16

... at a normal load of 70 µN with a depth of indentation about 3 nm and hardness values of 15.8 and 19.5 GPa, respectively (Bhushan and Koinkar,1994). Hardness values of virgin and C + -implanted ... 16.13 (Bhushan and Koinkar, 1994). Note that the hardness at a small indentationdepth of 2.5 nm is 16.6 GPa and it drops to a value of 11.7 GPa at a depth of 7 nm and a normal load of 100 µN. Higher ... diaphragms and X-ray masks. For a summary of SiC devices and applications, see Harris (1995). Table 16.1 compares selected bulk properties of SiC and Si(100). Because of the large band gap of SiC,...

Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P5

... chemical and mechanical properties of the surface and near-surface region of the tip and sample determine the adhesive behavior. A compliant tip–sample system of large curvature radius and large ... Goals and Motivations Small bits of eraser cling to your homework assignments, yet the eraser itself easily slides off a piece of paper. Why? What is different about the interaction of small ... combinations, and vice versa, for small λ. In the limit of inﬁnite λ, the Maugisequation approaches those of JKRS theory, and the pull-off force goes to –1.5πRϖ. For the limit of λequals zero,...

Tài liệu Handbook of Micro and Nano Tribology P9 pptx

... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; vanMegan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Hend-erson and Lozada-Cassou, 1986; Evans and Parry, ... Berlin.McClelland, G. M. and Cohen, S. R. (1990), Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VIII, pp. 419–445,Springer, Berlin.McGuiggan, P. and Israelachvili, J. N. (1990), “Adhesion and Short-Range ... al.“Surface Forces and Microrheology of ” Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology. Ed. Bharat Bhushan Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999© 1999 by CRC Press LLC © 1999 by CRC Press LLCLawn, B. R. and Wilshaw,...

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