... synthesized in the Spemannorganizer, namely Follistatin, Chordin and Noggin[12]. These proteins are antagonists of BMP and othermembers of the TGF-b family, binding to and inhibit-ing these signaling ... is localized to the dorsal marginal zone, but theprotein is considered to diffuse laterally and ventrally, in a graded manner, hence producing a gradient in BMP activity in the marginal zone.Similarly, ... dorsal-ized, is caused by the mutation in smad5, a signalingmolecule in the BMP pathway [19]. The sbntc24muta-tion is both dominant maternal (causing strong C4dorsalization) and dominant...